316 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
produce. The caper is cultivated extensively in the neighbourhood of Tunis, 
and exported both to America and Europe. In commerce, the buds are of 
three different qualities, the nonpareil, the capucine, and the capotte. 
M‘Culloch says, the best capers imported into Britain are from Toulon; some 
small salt capers come from Majorca, and a few flat ones from about Lyons. 
In the year 1832, 6213 lbs. were entered for home consumption. (Com. Dict.) 
The caper plant has, we believe, been introduced into Australia, and it is 
highly probable that it would thrive particularly well in that dry and warm 
climate ; as it would, doubtless, in the Himalaya, and in other parts of India. 
For these reasons, we have departed from the rule we laid down, p. 230., 
which would have obliged us to print our account of this species, as being 
only half-hardy, in small type. 
-« 2. C. Fontane‘si Dec. Desfontaines’s Caper Bush. 
Identification. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 245.; Don’s Mill., 1. p. 279. 
Synonymes. C. ovata Desf. Fl. Ati., 1. p. 404.; Caprier oval, Fr. 
Engraving. Bocc. Sic., t. 42. 
Spec. Char., §c. Stipules spinose, hooked. Leaves ovate, cordate at the base, acutish at the tip. 
(Don’s Miil., i. p. 279.) Flowers dull white. Fruit club-shaped. A deciduous bush, closely 
resembling C. spinosa, of which it is, in all probability, only a variety. It was found in Mauritania, 
near Oran, in fissures of rocks, by M. Desfontaines, and it is also to be met with in Sicily, ltaly, 
Spain, and thestatesof Barbary. Inthe Nouveau Du Hamel it is stated that it differs from C. spindsa 
in nothing but the forms of the leaves, which are oval-acuminate, while those of the other are 
round. It appears to have been introduced into England in 1800, but we have not seen it. As it 
is, doubtless, equally hardy with the other, it well merits a place against a conservative wall. 
From the habits common to the genus Capparis, and more especially from the principal part of 
the plant which contains the vital power being under ground, it is not improbable that all the green- 
house species might stand against a conservative wall with very little protection. One only is intro- 
duced, namely C. xg¥pta Lam., from Egypt; but there are described by De Candolle, and by G. 
Don: C. nepalénsis Dec., from Nepal; C. nummularia Dec., C. quinifldra Dec., and C. umbellata 
R. Br., from New Holland; C. canéscens Banks, from New South Wales; C. heteracantha Dec., 
and C. leucophylla Dec., from between Bagdad and Aleppo; C. volkamérie Dec., C. citrifdlia Lam., 
C. cluyti@folia Burch., C. oledides Burch., C. coriacea Burch., C. albitrinca Burch., which is a tree 
16 ft. high, C, punctata Burch., and C. racemdsa Dec., all from the Cape of Good Hope; and C. 
saligna Vahl, from Santa Cruz. 
CHAP. XI. 
OF THE HARDY AND HALF-HARDY LIGNEOUS PLANTS OF THE 
ORDER CISTA‘CEX. 
DIsTINCTIVE Characteristics. Thalamiflorous. Sepals 5,incompletely whorled, 
two of them being exterior. Petals 5, crumpled in estivation, very fugitive. 
Stamens numerous. Fruit capsular, usually 3-valyed or 5-valved, occa- 
sionally 10-valved; either 1-celled, with parietal placente in the middle of 
the valves ; or imperfectly 5-celled or 10-celled, with dissepiments proceeding 
from the middle of the valves, and touching each other in the centre. Embryo 
inverted. Properties balsamic. (Lindl. Introd. to N. S., and Key.) 
Description, History, §c. The species are all low ornamental shrubs, sub- 
evergreen or evergreen, most of them trailers, and only a few of them at- 
taining the height of 5 ft. or 6 ft. They are natives of the south of Europe 
and north of Africa, but are scarcely known in America orAsia. One or more 
of the species of the Cistaceze have been known from the days of Hippocrates. 
Linnzus included the whole of what were known in his time under two 
genera, Cistus and Hudsonia; but a new arrangement was published b 
Professor De Candolle (Prod. i.), in 1824, which he had adopted from Dunal, 
and this was followed by Sweet, in 1830, in his Cistinee ; and by G. Don, in 
1831, in his edition of Miller’s Dictionary. This arrangement we shall adopt 
