320 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
Varieties. C.¢. 2 crispdtus Dec. has the leaves waved or curled; and C.c.3 tadsicus Dec, has 
the leaves flat, and very villous, on the under surface. 
Spec. Char.,§c. Leaves spathulate-ovate, tomentosely 
hairy, wrinkled, tapered into the short footstalk, 
waved on the margin. Peduncles 1-flowered. Sepals 
villous. (Don’s Mill.,i. p. 298.) This species, Sweet 
observes, resembles C. villdsus and C. undulatus in 
appearance, and is often confused with those species 
in collections. In the nurseries, C. purpireus is 
very often sold for it; but the fine yellow spots at 
the base of its petals readily distinguish it from that 
species. It is a shrub, a native of Crete, Syria, and 
Greece, growing to the height of 2 ft., and generally 
requiring protection in the gardens about London; 
which as it does not often receive, it is, in conse- 
quence, scarce. The gum ladanum is the produce of 
this species. Dioscorides tells us that in his time 
the gum that exuded from the glands of the leaves was obtained by driving 
goats in among the shrubs, or by these animals naturally browsing upon 
them, when the substance adhered to their hair and beards, whence it 
was afterwards combed. This resin being at present collected to supply 
an extended commerce, a peculiar instrument is employed for the purpose, 
which is figured and described by Tournefort, and which is a kind of rake 
with a double row of long leathern straps. (See Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. iii. 
fig. 21.) The following is the description of the mode of gathering the gum 
given by Sieber in his Voyage to Crete : — “ It was in the heat of the day, 
and not a breath of wind stirring; circumstances necessary to the gathering 
of ladanum. Seven or eight country fellows, in their shirts and drawers, 
were brushing the plants with their whips; the straps whereof, by rubbing 
against the leaves of the shrub, licked up a sort of odoriferous glue, sticking 
on the leaves; this is a part of the nutritious juice of the plant, which 
sweats through the texture of the leaves like a fatty dew, in shining drops, 
as clear as turpentine. When the whips are sufficiently laden with 
this grease, they take a knife and scrape it clean off the straps, and make 
it up into a mass or cakes of different sizes: this is what comes to us 
under the name of ladanum, or labdanum. A man who, is diligent will 
gather three pounds in a day, or more, which they sell for a crown on the 
spot. This sort of work is rather unpleasant than laborious, because it 
must be done in the sultry time of the day, and in the deadest calm; 
and yet the purest /adanum cannot be obtained free from filth, because 
the winds of the preceding day have blown dust upon the shrubs.” (Sie- 
ber’s Crete, as quoted in Murray’s Encyc. of Geog., p. 835.) Formerly 
ladanum was a good deal used in pharmacy, but at present it is compara- 
tively neglected. In the west of Europe, a considerable quantity of it, how- 
ever, is annually collected in Crete, and sent to Constantinople, where it is 
chewed by the Turks, and used in various preparations of laudanum, 
and for fumigating churches and mosques. 
# 7, C, inca‘nus L. The hoary Cistus, or Rock Rose. 
Baeaisioetion: Lin. Sp., 737.; Smith’s Fl. Grec., 494.; Don’s Mill., 1. p. 298. ; 
Siang "©. Albidus Hort.; C. cymdsus Dec. ; Ciste cotonneux, Fr.; be- 
staubte Cisten Rose, Ger. . 
Engravings. Bot. Mag,, t. 43. ; Swt. Cist., t. 44.; and our/ig. 67. 
Spec. Char., $c. Leaves spathulate, tomentose, wrinkled; 
somewhat 3-nerved, sessile, somewhat connate at the base, 
upper ones narrower. Peduncles 1—3-flowered. (Don’s 
_ Mill.,i. p. 298.) A shrub, a native of Spain and France, 
about Narbonne, and which has been in our gardens since 
the time of Gerard. It grows to the height of 3 ft., form- 
ing a hoary bush, with reddish purple flowers, haying the petals emarginate, 
