356 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART UE 
» 1. Pory’cava Cuamzsu’xus L. The Dwarf Box Polygala, or Bow-leaved 
Milkwort. (Jacq. Aust., t. 233.; Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 316.;and our jig. 77.) 
Described as having fruticose, branched, procumbent stems, with oblong- 
lanceolate mucronated leaves; the racemes 1—2-flowered ; the keel of 
the flower crested. It forms a little evergreen tuft, the leaves being like 
those of the dwarf box ; and the yellowish flowers, which are slightly 
tipped with purple, resembling at a distance those of the order Legumi- 
nose. It is a native of mountainous woods in many parts of Europe, 
articularly in those of Germany and Switzerland. In rocky situations, 
it seldom exceeds Gin. in height; but in heath soil, or in sandy loam 
enriched with leaf mould, it will grow to the height of a foot and up- 
wards, flowering freely every year. This plant has been in cultivation 
in British gardens since 1658. Miller says that the seeds, which are with 
difficulty obtained from abroad, do not vegetate till they have been a 
whole year in the ground; unless they are sown soon after they are ripe, 
which is in August or September, in which case they will come up the 
following spring. It is readily propagated, however, by division of the 
plant, as it throws up suckers in abundance. This plant succeeds very 
well in most gardens, in a shady situation, and in peat soil kept rather 
moist. Intermixed with Gaulthéria procimbens, Mitchélla répens, 5 z > 
Linne'‘a borealis, and other dwarf-growing shrubs, Polygala Chamebuxus will form a rich margin 
to American groups. The price, in the London nurseries, is 50s. a hundred ; it being frequently sold 
in quantities for forming edgings to beds of peat-earth plants. 
a 2. The half-hardy Polygalas are evergreen shrubs, natives of the 
Cape of Good Hope ; and in Britain they are generally treated as green- 
house plants, though some of them have stood against _a wall, with pro- 
tection during winter : and so great is their beauty during summer, that, 
we think, whoever has a conservative wall ought to place some of them 
against it. Above twenty Cape species have been introduced; but the 
most common are, P. oppositifolia L. (Bot. Reg., t. 636.), which is a native 
of the mountainous part of the Cape, and tolerably hardy; P. opposi- 
tifolia major (fig.78.), called by ‘some P. grandifldra, which is equally 
hardy, and is a fine variety; P. Jatifilia Ker, P. myrtifolia, P. gran- 
difldra Lodd., P. bracteolata L., P. speciosa Bot, Mag., and P. atte- 
nuata Lodd., all fine plants, with bright purple flowers mixed with 
white, and some of them with red, and all procurable in the principal 
London nurseries. Like almost all other Cape shrubs, they grow best 
in heath soil, or in a mixture of sand and leaf mould; and, when they 
are cultivated against a wall in the open ground, great care should be 
taken not to let their stems be injured by damp in autumn, more espe- 
cially at the surface of the ground; or, in technical language, at the 
collar. There are some trees and shrubs belonging to the order Poly- 
galacez in the Himalaya ; which, when introduced, will be worth trying 
against a conservative wall with the Cape species. 
CHAP. XIII. 
OF THE HARDY AND HALF-HARDY LIGNEOUS SPECIES OF THE ORDER 
PITTOSPORA‘CER. 
Distinctive Characteristics. Thalamiflorous. (H. B.) Sepals 5, petals 5; both imbricate in estiva- 
tion. Stamens 5, distinct, alternate with the petals. Ovarium of several cells, with the placentz in 
the axis; cells or placente 2 or 5in number, and many-ovuled. Style 1. Stigmas as many as the pla- 
cente. Fruit capsular, or berried. Seeds often covered with a glutinous or resinous pulp. (Lindl. 
In, to N.S.) The species contained in this order are all ligneous; and are either trees, or bushy or 
climbing shrubs, with terminal or axillary flowers, usually of a bell-shape, with a: spreading border. 
They are natives of warm climates’; but some species of Pittésporum, Billardiéra, and Sdllya, are 
half-hardy, and suitable for a conservative wall. 
Genus I. 
BILLARDIE'‘R4 Sm. Tue Bitvarprera, or APPLE-BERRY. Lin. Syst. 
Pentandria Monogynia. 
Derivation. Named in honour of Jean is Julien La Billardiére, a celebrated French botanist, 
who visited Syria, and afterwards New Holland in D’Entrecastreux’s expedition. He was the 
author of Nove Hollandte Plantarum Specimen, and other works, 
