CHAP. XVIII. TILIA CEX. TILIA. 373 
passed into other nurseries, and has since been rather extensively cultivated, 
though not so much so as it deserves from its very striking appearance. Twelve 
years after it was introduced into England, we are informed in the Nouveau Du 
Hamel, printed in the time of the French Republic, that “ the citizens Thouin 
and Cels received some plants from Kew, and propagated them with success ; 
the former in the garden of the Museum, and the other in his nursery at 
Arcueil. Some of these plants grew with such vigour, that, in the 6th and 7th 
years of the Republic, citizen Thouin sowed their seeds, and raised several 
young plants from them.” The tree alluded to in the Paris Garden is now 
according to the Return Paper sent to us by Professor Mirbel, 55 ft. high, and 
its branches cover a space of 63 ft. in diameter. It is propagated in the same 
manner as the common species, and requires a similar soil and situation. 
When first introduced, it was propagated by grafting on 7’. e. platyphylla; and 
this is still the practice in some nurseries, especially in Continental ones. 
Statistics. Thereisa good specimen of the white lime in the Kew arboretum, 
and a fine tree at Walton upon Thames, 60 ft. high, There are also a great 
many at High Clere, in Berkshire, some of which, in 36 years, have attained 
the height of 60 ft., with diameters of from 1 ft. 6 in. to 2ft., on a retentive 
shallow soil on chalk. There are some good specimens at Deepdene, also on 
chalk. One at Croome, in Worcestershire, only 30 years planted, on a loamy 
soil, has attained the height of 50 ft., with a trunk 2 ft. in diameter. One in 
the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 35 years planted, is 35 ft. high; and, in the 
principal botanic gardens on the Continent, there are trees of from 30 ft. to 50 ft. 
in height. Plants, in the London nurseries, cost 2s. each; at Bollwyller, 1 
franc 50 cents; at New York, ?. 
* T. (?e.) a. petiolaris Dec., the long-petioled-leaved Lime Tree, described by De Candolle 
from dried specimens without flower or fruit, is, probably, only a variety of 7. 4lba. He has placed 
it in one of two sections in which the species have the petals each with a scale at its base, inside. It 
is said to have leaves cordate, acuminated, twice the length of the petioles, serrated, smooth above, 
but white beneath from close-pressed down. It is said to be cultivated in the gardens of Odessa, but 
has not yet been introduced into England. Steven has stated (Nouv. Mem. de la Soc. Imp. des Nat. de 
Moscou, tome iii. p. 104.), that 7. petiolaris Dec. certainly belongs to 7. argentea [7. e. &lba]; for 
the length of the petioles varies often upon the same branch, not only in this, but in all species of 
Tilia; wherefore Sprengel has judiciously omitted it from his Systema. 
¥ 3. J. amERICA‘NA L. The American Lime Tree. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 733.; Hort. Kew. ; Willd. Spec. 
Synonymes. T. glabra, Vent.; T. caroliniana Wangenh.; T.canadénsis Michaur; T. glabra Dec., 
Hayne’s Dendr., and Don’s Mill. ; the smooth-leaved, or black, Lime Tree, and Bass Wood, Amer. 
£ngravings. Vent. Diss., t. 2.; Wats. Dendr. Brit., t. 134. ; and our plate in Vol. IL. 
Spec. Char, Petals each with a scale at the base, inside. Leaves profoundly 
cordate, abruptly acuminate, sharply serrated, somewhat coriaceous, smooth. 
Petals truncate and crenate at the apex, equal in length to the style. Fruit 
ovate, somewhat ribbed. (Don’s Mill., i. p. 553.) Canada. Yellowish- 
white flowers. July and August. 1752. On a general view of the trees, 
the most obvious external differential characteristics of the European and 
- American limes appear to us to be, that the former have regularly cordate, 
and the latter obliquely cordate, leaves. The other American limes we 
consider to be nothing more than varieties of this species. 
Description. The American lime, in its native country, attains the height of 
80 ft. or upwards, with a straight uniform trunk, having an ample finely tufted 
summit. In England, there are some specimens of from 50 ft. to 60 ft. in 
height: in summer, these are readily distinguished from the European limes 
by the largeness of the leaves, which are heart-shaped, acutely pointed, deep 
green and glabrous on their upper sides, and pale green beneath. Some of 
the leaves have a tendency to be slightly pubescent; but they are generally 
smooth and shining. The flowers, which are large, appear, in Canada, in June 
and July; but, in England, not till the end of July, or the beginning of August, 
when those of the common sort are decaying. In winter, this species is 
readily recognised by the robust appearance of the trunk and branches, and 
by the dark-brown colour of the bark on the young shoots. This circumstance 
alone is a very marked distinction ; and has, no doubt, procured for the spe- 
cies the name of the black lime tree. The largest tree, that we know of, of this 
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