382 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART Ili. 
with some protection during winter ; and a few of them, when once esta- 
blished, with no protection whatever. They are all readily propagated by 
layers, which, for the commoner sorts, are made from stools planted in cold- 
pits. They are also propagated by cuttings of the ripe wood, planted in 
autumn, and kept in a cool frame through the winter, being put into heat 
when they begin to grow in the spring. Grafting, inarching, and budding 
are employed for propagating the sorts that are comparatively rare. Various 
new sorts have been raised from seeds ripened in this country. 
’ An excellent work has been published on the Camelliée, by Messrs. 
Chandler and Booth, entitled Id/ustrations and Descriptions of the Camelliée ; 
in which many of the finest varieties are figured, and scientifically described. 
Another work, on the same genus, is in course of publication by the Messrs, 
Baumann, at Bollwyller. 
# 1. C. sapo’nica L. The Japanese Camellia, or the red single-flowered 
Camellia. 
Identification. Lin. Sp., 982. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 529.; Don’s Mill., 1. p. 574. 
Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 160.; Jacq. Icon. rat., 3. t.553.; Duh. Ed. nov., t.71.; Bot. Mag., 
t.42.; Chandl. Ill, t. 1.; Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 25.; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 329. and 455. ; Lois.. Herb. 
Amat, t. 43, 44, 45, and 46. ; and our fig. 94. 
Spec. Char., §c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely 
serrated. Flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary. 
Ovary smooth. (Don’s Mill., i. p.574.) An ever- 
green shrub or low tree, perfectly hardy in the 
neighbourhood of London, as a standard in the 
free soil, when once thoroughly established. 
Geography, History, §c. The Caméllia japonica Sy 
is indigenous both in China and Japan, and probably 
in other parts of Asia not yet explored by botanists. 
In Japan, it forms a lofty tree in high esteem with the 
Japanese for the elegance of its large flowers, which 
there exhibit a great variety of colours, and are pro- 
duced from October to April. The trees are uni- 
versally planted in the Japanese gardens; and, ; 
according to Thunberg, there are there several double- A 
flowered varieties; and, among others, a double purple. The Camellia 
was introduced into England by Lord Petre, about or before 1739. The 
first plants brought over were killed by being kept in a stove; but it was 
afterwards reimported, and kept in a conservatory. The plant began to come 
inte general estimation in England about the beginning of the present 
century; and it has since been more extensively propagated than any other 
genus of green-house. plants, unless we except Pelargonium and Erica. Within 
the last 15 or 20 years plants of this species have been tried in the open air, 
some against walls, and others as bushes; and, provided they are protected 
for a few years after planting, till the roots become firmly established in the 
soil, they seem to be nearly as hardy, even in the climate of London, as the 
common laurel. Sweet, who, it will be allowed, is a competent judge, says, 
“the Caméllia is not generally so much cultivated as it deserves to be, though 
it is very hardy, standing out our severest winters when planted out against a 
wall, or in any sheltered situation, without protection.” In Devonshire ca- 
mellias form immense evergreen bushes without any protection whatever, and 
have even ripened seeds from which young plants have been raised. There is 
a single red camellia at Bicton, about 23 miles from the sea, and 83 ft. above 
its level, which is 9 ft. 6 in. high, with the head covering a space 12 ft. 6 in, in 
diameter. The soil and subsoil are chiefly sand, and the situation not par- 
ticularly well sheltered. It-has been planted out for 16 years, and not pro- 
tected forthe last 12 years. During the last five years, it has endured a 
temperature of 10° Fah., without sustaining the slightest injury. At Bicton 
there are a number of other varieties of C. japénica planted out as bushes. 
In the Vauxhall Nursery 8 sorts have stood out against a north-west wall 
for 8 years, and flowered freely every year without the slightest protection ; 
