488 ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. PART III. 
Genus I. 
’XANTHO’XYLUM L., and H. B. et Kth. Tuk XaAnTHOXxYLUM, or 
TOOTHACHE TREE. Lin. Syst. Dice'cia Tri-Pentandria. 
Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 150. and 1109.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 725. ; Don’s Mill., 1. p. 801. 
Synonymes. Zanthéxylum (it is thus spelled in many_botanical works); Kampmannia_ Rafin. ; 
Clavalier, Fr.; Zahnwehholz, Ger. > 
Derivation. From «xanthos, yellow, and xulon, wood; from the yellowness of the wood, more espe- 
cially of the roots. The French name means club tree, and the German name, the toothache tree. 
% 1, X. Fraxi’‘NEuM Willd. The Ash-leaved Xanthoxylum, or common Tooth- 
ache Tree. 
Identification. Willd. Sp., 4 p. 757. ; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726.; Don’s Mill, 1. p. 302. 
Synonymes. Zanthdxylum ramifldrum Mich. Fi. B. A., 2. p. 235.; Z. Clava Herculis var. Lin. Sp., 
1455., Lam. Dict., 2. p. 38.; Z. americanum M7il. Dict., No. 2.; Z. caribe‘um Gert. Fruct., but 
not of Lam.; Clavalier @ Feuilles de Frene, Fv.; Eschen-blattriges Zahnwehholz, Ger. 
Engravings. Du Ham. Arb., 1. t. 97.; Catesb. Carol., 1. t. 26.; E. of Pl., 13896. ; our jig. 158. ; and 
the plate of this species in Vol. IL. 
Spec. Char., &c. eaves pinnate, of 4 to 5 
pairs of leaflets, and an odd one; the 
leaflets ovate, obscurely sawed, equal 
at the base; the petiole round and de- 
void of prickles; prickles in the situation 
of stipules. Flowers in axillary umbels, 
without petals: the sexes dicecious. 
(Dec. Prod., i. p. 726, 727.) A low 
deciduous tree, a native of North 
America, from Canada to Virginia and 
Kentucky, in woods near rivers; culti- 
vated in England since 1740, and flow- 
ering in March and April. In its 
native country, this tree is seldom 
seen higher than from 12 ft. to 15 ft. ; 
but its stem is decidedly that of a tree rising to the height of from 
3 ft. or 4 ft. without side shoots, and then branching out, and forming 
a regular head. The flowers are yellowish, with red anthers. The bark and 
capsules are of a hot acrid taste, and are used for relieving the pains of the 
toothache; whence the popular name. A tincture of the bark is also used 
for curing rheumatism. This tree is common in British collections, but is 
never seen of any great size. There is one at Syon, about 13 ft. high; in 
the Cambridge Botanic Garden, one about 10 ft.; and some at White 
Knights, from 10 ft. to 13 ft. high. Inthe Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 10 
years planted, it is 6 ft. high. It is generally propagated by seeds or by 
cuttings of the roots. Plants, in the London nurseries, are 1s. 6d. each ; at 
Bollwyller, 1 franc and 20 cents; at New York, 25 cents, and seeds 1 
dollar a quart. : 
Variety. 
* X.f. 2 virginicum, the X. virginicum of Lodd. Cat., of which there is a plant in the garden 
of the London Horticultural Society, and several in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, ap- 
pears to us only a variety of X. fraxineum, ae 
& 2. X. rrica’rpum Miche. The three-fruited Xanthoxylum, or Toothache 
Tree. 
Identification. Michx. F). Bor. Amer., 2. p. 335.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 726.; Don’s Mill., 1. p. 803. 
Synonyme. Fagdra fraxinifdlia Lam. Iil., 1, t. 334. 
Engraving. Lam. Ill, 1. t. 334. . 
Spec. Char., &c. Leaves pinnate; the leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, and an odd one, all on short stalks, oblong- 
oval, acuminate, finely sawed, oblique at the base. Petioles and branches prickly. Panicles terminal. 
Petals 5. (Dec. Prod., i. p. 726.) A deciduous shrub, a native of Carolina and Florida, introduced 
in 1806, and flowering in July. Height 6 ft. : 
