398 A, EB. Verrill— Mollusca of the New England Coast. 
with, or largely composed of, hard, very irregular, flattened, crust- 
like concretions of clay and iron-oxide, with more or less manganese- 
oxide in the crevices and worm-burrows with which they are filled. 
At some localities a barrelful, or more, of such masses was brought 
up. They vary in size from a few ounces up to 20 pounds or more in 
weight, and from one inch to six inches in thickness. These masses 
afford attachments to many kinds of animals, including several 
species of Brachiopods, Chitons, and other shells, which could not 
exist on bottoms of soft ooze or mud. 
Rounded bowlders and pebbles of granite, gneiss and other crys- 
talline rocks occurred at a number of stations. These, like the con- 
cretions of clay, etc., often afford attachment for deep-sea Brachio- 
pods and other shells, as well as for corals, gorgonians, hydroids, 
sponges, ete. One bowlder, station 2208, is referred to above. The 
following are other localities: station 2195, in 1058 fathoms, N. lat. 
39° 44’, W. long. 70° 03’. A rounded granite bowlder, about four 
inches in diameter. Its surface was covered with adherent species of 
foraminifera and some annelid-tubes. Station 2226, in 2021 fathoms, 
N. lat. 37° 00’, W. long. 71° 54’. A large number of pebbles and 
small, rounded bowlders of granite, porphyry, etc., and some coal 
cinders. The pebbles were more or less covered with adherent 
forminifera, bryozoa, ete. Scattered bowlders and pebbles have 
also occurred at many other localities along the inner edge of the 
Gulf Stream. These have probably all been carried out there by the 
ice floating away from the adjacent coasts in spring.* 

of irregular crusty and cavernous concretions and masses of ferruginous clay, with 
considerable black manganese-oxide lining the holes and cracks. The lower side of 
many of the masses consisted of sticky bluish clay. It was estimated that about a 
ton of this material came up. There were adhering to these hard masses some 
corals, gorgonians, hydroids and bryozoa, with the brachiopods, Discina Atlantica and 
Waldheimia cranium, in considerable numbers. 
* A curious instance, quite unique in our experience, of the occurrence of abundant 
‘relics of human handiwork was observed this year. At station 2222, in 1537 fathoms, 
N. lat. 39° 037 15", W. long. 70° 50’ 45", beneath the Gulf Stream, a large quantity of 
common bricks, with mortar and soot still adhering to them, was brought up in the 
trawl. Some were nearly entire, but most were in fragments. Annelid tubes, brach- 
iopods, and other forms of deep-sea life were attached to them in small quantities, 
showing that they had not been on the bottom very long. One of the Brachiopods, 
which occurred on the bricks in considerable numbers, is <Aéretia gnomon J., which 
had not been previously recorded from off our coast. These bricks may have come 
from a wreck, or they may have formed the deck-furnace of some whaling vessel, 
thrown overboard on the homeward trip. At any rate, the accident of hitting 
