80 LAND AND FRESHWATER 
the so-called vitrinotdes of India. Moreover, we find in P. Z. 8. 
1847, p. 169, in “ A List of the Genera of Recent Mollusca, their 
Synonyma, and Types,” Nanina and Macrochlamys are both sub- 
genera of Stenopus, with citrina and vitrinoides as their respective 
type shells. Manina should therefore only hold citrina and allied 
forms, apparently a good subgeneric group; but it certainly should 
not be used in the wide sense that has been given it by so many 
authors. The family Zonitidee is sufficient for this ; and when all the 
species of it are collected into well-characterized genera and subgenera 
there will be no need for any generic term to include the doubtful 
species of the group. It is even, I think, preferable to use Helix in its 
widest sense than to use Vanina for these Asiatic forms. But E. von 
Martens has condemned the title, and so has Mr. W.'T. Blanford; and 
I cannot do better than quote what the latter writes (J. A. 8. B. 
1880, p. 184) :—** The difficulty is to determine what generic name 
or names should be adopted. Nanina is utterly bad ; it offends every 
law; the name had been used previously by Risso *; the type is 
the same as that of Benson’s genus Macrochlamys; the term is 
objectionable on account of its signification. All this has been 
pointed out by von Martens T, but still he and others employ the 
name because it has crept into use. Now in such difficult matters 
as these generic terms, unless rules are strictly attended to, utter 
confusion must result, and undoubtedly it has resulted. When, 
however, a search is made for a better founded term than Nanina, 
endless difficulties are encountered.” 
In December 1848 Mr. H. E. Strickland, F.G.S., described the 
animal of another species of this genus, published in the P. Z. 8. 
for that year, p. 142, with two figures (plate xi. figs. 1 and 2); this 
was obtained in Ajmeer. I give his interesting account in full, for 
the animal was kept some time alive in this country. He named it 
vitrinoides, following Gray’s identification in P. Z. 8. 1834, 
“On the Habits of a Living Specimen of Nanina vitrinoides (Desh.). 
By H. E. Srricxzanp, F.G.S8. 
“On the 2nd of December, 1847, Capt. W. J. E. Boys presented 
the writer three specimens of a terrestrial mollusk, named Nanina 
vitrinoides by Mr. Gray (P. Z. 8. pt. 2, p. 58, Helix vitrinoides, 
Desh.). Capt. Boys had procured them a considerable time before, 
certainly not less than a year, in the district of Ajmeer in Upper 
India. The animals still remained within the shells; but from the 
length of time during which they had been kept dry, they were 
greatly reduced in bulk, and had almost wholly retired from the 
outer volution, as was easily seen from the transparency of the 
shell. Like many of the Helicide of hot climates, especially those 
which are exposed to long intervals of drought, the Nanina vitri- 
* «J. A.S. B. 1871, p. 47. 
t ‘Albers, ‘Heliceen,’ 2. Ausgabe, p. 46, where the synonymy is fully dis- 
cussed.” 
