Lie LAND AND FRESHWATIR 
versd, a solitary Darjiling species in the Western Himalayas, it is 
extremely improbable that the range of D. huttont extends more 
than, at the outside, 200 or 300 miles along the base of the moun- 
tains. In the plains of India no Diplommatina has ever yet been 
found*. In the hills of Southern India, forms differing entirely 
from those of the Himalayas alone occur, The negative evidence, 
therefore, against the existence of D. huttoni, or of any other Indian 
species of the genus, over any large area of country is overwhelming. 
And this is entirely in accordance, as has been remarked by Mr. 
Benson, with the general facts of the distribution of operculated 
land-shells in India, none being me. with over so large an area as 
species of the non-operculated forms frequently are. 
“Yo the west of Hindustan not a single Diplommatina, or land- 
shell allied to Diplommatina, has ever beea recorded, The genus 
and its allies are utterly unknown in Western Asia, Europe, and 
Africa, Not only are the Diplommatinidie absent, but all their 
allies, the Cyclophoridee, are equally so, with the exception of two 
or three obscure species in South Africa and of 1:e anomalous genus 
Craspedopoma in the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands; and 
these few forms have at least as close an affinity te American types 
as to those of India. 
“To the east and south-east of India the case is different. 
Species of Diplommatina, many of them sinistral, and of allied 
genera have been found in Buima, Labuan (Opisthostoma de-cres- 
pignit), the a tac Islands (Arinia), the Moluccas, the Pelew 
Islands (Palaina), the New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Tord Howe’s 
Island, Australia, and New Zealand. A species is said to occur 
also in the Sandwich Islands. Now, as Megalomustoma and Cy- 
clophorus are common to the mainland of India, the Malay Archi- 
pelago, and the West Indies, it appears by no means improbable 
that Diplommatina may have the same distribution; and certainly, 
if D. huttoni ever migrated or was transported by natural causes 
from India to America, I cannot help thinking that it most probably 
traversed countries inhabited by its relations. But I cannot help 
doubting its having migrated at all over any extensive area. 
“ Enea bicolar is a shell of much wider distribution. It is met 
with throughout the whole peninsula of Hindustan, and it also 
occurs in Burma. It lives in the plains, in cultivated land as well 
as In waste. 
‘* It is easy to conceive that a mollusk with such habits might be 
very probably transported with living plants, or with roots or seeds, 
Mr. Guppy doubts whether the animals would survive the voyage 
from the East to the West Indies. Of this there can, I think, be 
no question. Mr. Benson, if I am not mistaken, has had specimens 
of Diplommatina alive in England ; and there are very few Indian 
* “T know of but one, doubtful exeeption—doubtful inasmuch as I do not 
know at what elevation the shell was found. This was in South Canara, on the 
Malabar coast. The form was one of the type peculiar to the hills of Southern 
India. The whole fauna of the coast of Malabar is peculiar.” [Beddome has 
since found at least three species. —H. H. G.-A.] 
