216 LAND AND FRESHWATER 
parting. Crossing the Zogi-La into the Ladak district of Dras 
there is a most complete change—one enters a sterile, dry country 
of higher elevation, altogether Tibetan in character. In a two days’ 
march eyery shell belongs to the so-called European molluscan 
fauna, The specimen in my collection is smaller than the type, 
being major diam. only 13, and alt. axis 65 mm. The surface is 
smooth ; there is not the slightest trace of spiral striation, which 
specimens from Murree, assigned to this species, possess to a very 
marked extent. 
Subgenus Girasta. (Plates LV., LVI., LVIII., LIX., 
LX., LXI., and LXII.) 
Girasia, J. E. Gray, Cat. Pulm. Brit. Mus. p. 61 (March 1855). 
Hoplites, Theobald, Journ. A. 8. B. 1864, p. 244; Godwin- 
Austen, P. Z. 8. 1880, p. 291. 
Ibycus (very similar), described from an imperfect specimen by 
Heyneman, Malakoz. Blatt. (1862), p. 142, pl. i. fig. 3 (Darjiling). 
Vitrina, Hanley, Conch. Ind. p. vi. 
Helicarion (Hoplites, Austen ?), Pfeiffer, ed. Clessin, Nomen. 
Helic. Vivent. p. 30. 
Parmarion, Nevill, Hand-list, p. 13. 
The following original description is imperfect; no mention is 
made of the mucous gland, save in the synopsis of the generic 
section in which it is placed (/. ¢. p. 52):—‘* Body united to the 
back of the foot, only separated by the convex hinder edges. Shell 
partly exposed, ovate, expanded, with a solid apex. Back of the 
neck (under the collar) with three grooves, the central groove 
between the tentacles double-edged; the lateral one single, bent 
down on each side to the sides of the head at the back of the 
lower tentacles ; the head is only partly retractile, so that the base 
of the upper tentacles, which are completely retracted, are exposed 
on the top of the head like two perforations* ; the aperture of the 
generative organs is rather behind the base of the right tentacle. 
The hinder part of the body attached to the back of the foot 
nearly to its hinder end, which is separated from the deep concavity 
on the back of the foot by a deep lunate cross groove. In all these 
particulars the animal exactly agrees with the Portuguese species of 
Drusia” ft. 
Type hookert, Gray. Khasi Hills, described further on. 
Gray added three other species :— 
1.“Girasia? rutellum, Hutton, Afghanistan ; Kandahar. In April 
* This describes tho state of the spirit-specimen with the tentacles 
inverted as usual. 
+ It cannot have any relstionship. 
