CHAPTER II. 
The Parts of the Seedling ;—its Development. 
‘15. Root, Stem, and Leaf. — By the time the seedling is 
well out of ground it, in most cases, possesses the three kinds 
of vegetative organs, or parts essential to growth, of ordinary 
flowering plants, the root, stem, and leaf. All of these organs 
may multiply and increase in size as the plant grows older, 
and their mature structure will be studied in later chapters, 
but some facts concerning them can best be learned by watch- 
ing their growth from the outset. 
16. The Young Root. — Roots growing in sand or ordinary 
soil cling to its particles so tenaciously that they cannot 
easily be studied, and those grown in water have not quite 
the same form as soil roots. Roots grown in damp air are 
best adapted for careful study. 
Experiment 6. In what Portions of the Root does its Increase in 
Length take Place?-—Sprout some peas on moist blotting-paper in a 
loosely covered tumbler. When the roots are one and a half inches 
or more long, mark them along the whole length with little dots made 
with a very small camel’s-hair brush or a bristle dipped in water-proof 
India ink. 
Transfer the plants to moist blotting-paper under a bell glass or a 
battery jar and examine the roots at the end of twenty-four hours to see 
along what portions their length has increased; continue observations on 
them for several days. 
ive Root-Hairs. — Barley, oats, wheat, or red clover seed 
soaked and then sprouted on moist blotting-paper afford con- 
venient material for studying root-hairs. The seeds may be 
kept covered with a watch-glass or a clock-glass while sprout- 
ing. <A few of the red clover seeds should also be sprouted 
in a deep cell on a microscope-slide. Examine those parts of 
the root which have these appendages, first with the magnify- 
