lv PREFACE. 
The illustrations drawn from nature, or redrawn expressly 
for this book, are mostly by Orville P. Williams or Francis 
M. West, recent graduates of the English High School. The 
woodeut of Monotropa is from a photograph kindly loaned 
for the purpose by its maker, Rev. R. 8. Morison. Large 
numbers of illustrations have been reproduced from the fol- 
lowing works, which are named in about the order of the 
extent to which they have been drawn upon: 
Le Maout and Decaisne’s Traité Général de Botanique. 
Thomé’s Structural and Physiological Botany. 
Tschirch’s Angewandte Pflanzenanatomie. 
Strasburger, Noll, Schenk, and Schimper’s Lehrbuch der Botanik. 
Kerner’s Pflanzenleben. 
Figuier’s Vegetable World. 
Behrens’s Tezt-book of General Botany. 
Sachs’s Text-book of Botany. 
The author is to a less extent indebted for cuts to the works 
of Brown, Carpenter, Darwin, Lindley, Lubbock, Potonie, 
Strasburger, Hartig, Host, Kny, Detmer, Martius, Baillon, 
and others. 
For most of the subject-matter of this book —though not 
for the order and mode of treatment — the writer is of course 
indebted to a multitude of sources, only a very few of which 
are indicated in the subjoined bibliography. Personal assist- 
ance has been freely rendered him by Prof. George L. Goodale, 
Dr. Benjamin L. Robinson, Curator of the Gray Herbarium, 
and Mr. A. B. Seymour of the Cryptogamic Herbarium of 
Harvard University. Prof. George J. Pierce of Indiana 
State University has given valuable aid in regard to some 
physiological questions. Prof. William F. Ganong of Smith 
College has done so much for the book that if it should 
prove useful its value will be largely due to his suggestive 
criticisms. Thanks are due for the careful proof-reading of 
