18 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
Describe the texture, thickness, transparency, color, and so on, of 
each pair of scales. 
Inside the innermost pair are found two forked woolly objects; what 
are these ? 
Compare with Fig. 75. 
Their shape could be more readily made out if the woolly coating were 
removed. 
Try the effect of immersing the inner portion of the bud for a few 
minutes in strong sulphuric acid to dissolve and remove the down, so as 
to show the parts more plainly. 
Can you suggest a use for the woolly coating ? 
Examine a terminal bud in the 
same way in which you have just 
studied the lateral bud. 
Does it contain any parts not 
found in the other ? 
What is the appearance of these 
parts ? 
What do they represent ? 
If there is any doubt about 
their nature, study them further 
on a horse-chestnut tree during and immediately after the process of 
leafing out in the spring. 
For comparison study at least one of the following kinds of buds in 
their winter or early spring condition: Hickory, butternut, beech, ash, 
magnolia (or tulip tree), lilac, balm of Gilead, cultivated cherry.? 
Fig. 56. — Transition from Bud-Seales to 
Leaves in the Common Currant. 
"106. Nature of Bud-Scales. — The fact that the bud-scales 
are in certain cases merely imperfectly developed leaves is 
often clearly manifest from the series of steps connecting the 
bud-seale on the one hand with the young leaf on the other, 
which may be found in many opening buds, as illustrated by 
Fig. 56. In other buds the scales are not imperfect leaves, 
but the little appendages (stipules, § 117) which occur at the’ 
’1The acid must not be allowed to get on the hands, the table, or the clothes, or it 
will cause much trouble. Remove it by rinsing in plenty of water. 
>2Consult the account of the mode of studying buds in Miss Newell’s Outlines, 
Part Il. If some of the buds are studied at home, pupils will have a better chance to 
examine at leisure the unfolding process. 
