BUDS. 81 
The rings of scars about the twig, shown in Figs. 23 and 59, 
mark the place where the bases of bud-scales were attached. 
A little examination of the part of the twig which lies outside 
of this ring, as shown in Fig. 23, will lead one to the conclu- 
sion that this portion has all grown in the one spring and 
summer since the bud-scales of 
that particular ring dropped off. 
Following out this suggestion, it 
is easy to reckon the age of any 
moderately old portion of a branch, 
since it is equal to the number of 
a ee 
' Fie. 60.—I1, a Twigof European 
* Fie. 59.— A Slowly grown Twig of Cherry, Elm. II, a Longitudinal Section of 
three inches long and about ten years old. the Buds of I, considerably magni- 
The more pointed terminal bud is a leaf-bud, __ fied. 
the more obtuse accessory buds, acc, are flower- a, the axis of the bud, which will 
buds. elongate into a shoot ; b, leaf-scars. 
segments between the rings. In rapidly growing shoots of 
willow, poplar, and similar trees, five or ten feet of the length 
may be the growth of a single year, while in the lateral twigs 
of the hickory, apple, or cherry the yearly increase may be 
but a fraction of an inch. Whatever the amount of this 
