CHAPTER IX. 
Leaves. 
115. The Elm Leaf. —Sketch the leafy twig of elm that is supplied 
to you.! 
Report on the following points : 
(a) How many rows of leaves ? 
(6) How much overlapping of leaves when the twig is held with the 
upper sides of the leaves toward you? Can you suggest a reason for 
a g 
FIG. 63. — General Outline of Leaves. 
a, linear ; b, lanceolate; c, wedge-shaped ; d, spatulate ; e, ovate; /, obovate ; 
g, kidney-shaped ; h, orbicular ; i, elliptical. 
*1 Any elm will answer the purpose. Young strong shoots which extend horizon- 
tally are best, since in these leaves are most fully developed and their distribution 
along the twig appears most clearly. Other good kinds of leaves with which to begin 
the study, if elm leaves are not available, are those of beech, oak, willow, peach, 
