THE STUDY OF TYPICAL FLOWERS. 141 
place both, face down, on a sheet of paper, and sketch about twice the 
natural size. Describe the difference in appearance between the outer 
and the inner surface of the sepal and of the petal. Note the little scale 
at the base of the petal, inside. 
Strip off all the parts from a flower which has lost its petals, until 
nothing is left but a slender conical object a little more than an eighth of 
an inch in length. This is the receptacle or summit of the peduncle. 
In a fully opened flower, note the numerous yellow-tipped stamens, 
each consisting of a short stalk, the filament, and an enlarged yellow 
knob at the end, the anther. Note the division of the anther into two 
portions, which appear from the outside as parallel ridges, but which are 
really closed tubes, the anther-cells. 
Observe in the interior of the flower the somewhat globular mass (in a 
young flower almost covered by the stamens). This is a group of pistils. 
Study one of these groups in a flower from which the stamens have 
mostly fallen off, and make an enlarged sketch of the head of pistils. 
Remove some of the pistils from a mature head, and sketch a single one 
as seen with the magnifying glass. Label the little knob or beak at the 
upper end of the pistil stigma, and the main body of the pistil ovary. 
Make a section of one of the pistils, parallel to the flattened surfaces, 
like that shown in Fig. 169, and note the partially matured seed or ovule 
within. 
