JZ ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
borne. Are these stalks and the mycelium filaments solid or tubular ? 
Are they one-celled or several-celled ? 
Mount some of the mature spore-cases in water, examine them with 
Fic. 200. — Formation of Zygospores in a 
Mould (Mucor Mucedo). 
1, threads in contact previous to conjugation ; 
2, cutting off of the conjugating cells, a, 
from the threads, b ; 3, a later stage of the 
process ; 4, ripe zygospore ; 5, germination 
of a zygospore and formation of a spore- 
case. (1-4 magnified 225 diameters, 5 magni- 
fied about 60 diameters.) 
FUNGI. 
the highest obtainable power, 
and sketch the escaping spores. 
Sow some of these spores! on 
the surface of ‘‘ hay-tea,’’ made 
by boiling a handful of hay in 
just water enough to cover it 
and then straining through cloth 
or filtering through a paper filter. 
After from three to six hours, 
examine a drop from the surface 
of the liquid with a medium 
power of the microscope (half- 
inch objective) to see how the 
development of hyphe from the 
| spores begins. Sketch. 
After about 24 hours examine 
another portion of the mould 
from the surface of the liquid 
and study the more fully de- 
veloped mycelium. Sketch. 
287. Zygospores. — Besides 
the spores just studied, zygo- 
spores are formed by conjuga- 
tion of the hyphe of the black 
moulds. It is not very easy to 
find these in process of forma- 
tion, but the student may be 
able to gather from Fig. 200 the 
nature of the process by which 
they are formed: a process which 
cannot fail to remind him of 
the conjugation of pondscum. 
288. Characteristics of Fungi.—The yeasts and the moulds 
are humble representatives of an immense multitude of para- 
1 The spores of Penicilliwm will do as well. 
