264 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
on the board, or in a typewritten copy, to which the pupils may have © 
free access during study-hours. 
Frequent and unexpected examinations of the note-books by the 
teacher will do more than anything else to make pupils exact and 
painstaking in their record of work done. Much importance should 
be given to the valuation of the note-book in judging of the owner’s 
progress in his work. 
It is an unpardonable fault in the teacher to allow the notes to 
become mechanical, and it is therefore, in the writer’s opinion, 
inadmissible to allow any set form of record to be followed through- 
out the study of any tissue or organ. ‘The observations of the pupil 
may well be grouped in an orderly fashion during his first studies of 
leaves, for example, by following in the record some such form as 
that given in any of the best plant-analysis blanks, but it would be ° 
absurd to stretch the learner’on such a Procrustes’ bed more than 
once. It will go far toward training the pupil into a scientific habit 
of mind if he is required in his notes and in his recitations to 
distinguish clearly the sources of his knowledge. He should be 
able to state whether a given piece of information was derived from 
his own experiment or personal study of an object or a phenomenon, 
from an experiment performed by the teacher in the presence of the 
class, from outside reading, or from study of the text-book. Both 
note-books should throughout present constant evidence of the care 
with which their owner has kept account of the way in which he 
became possessed of the subject-matter which he enters in them. 
Drawings copied from the blackboard or from any book or photo- 
graph should be carefully labeled in such a way as to distinguish 
them from original ones. 
