INDEX. 
Roots, absorption through, 34, 35. 
Roots, growth of, 12. 
Roots, propagation by, 34. 
Rootstock, 47, 48. 
Roots, storage of nourishment in, 
32, 33. 
Roots, structure of, 30-32. 
Root-system, 33, 34. 
Rotation of protoplasm, 129. 
Russian thistle, 201, 202, 205. 
Sage, fertilization in flowers of, 
171, 172. 
Sago-palm, 72. 
Salver-shaped, 147. 
Sap, descent of, 69. 
Sap, rise of, 58, 68, 69, 116. 
Saprophytes, 121. 
Sapwood, 59. 
Scalloped, 87. 
Scape, a naked or merely bracted 
peduncle, rising from the ground, 
as in the dandelion. 
Sclerenchyma, 64. 
Secondary growth, 62, 63. 
Secondary root, 26. 
Sedge, rootstock of, 48. 
Section, wood, 53, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60. 
Seed, 4-25. 
Seeds, dispersal of, 200-202. 
Seed-leaf, 5. 
Seedling, parts of, 12. 
Selection, natural, 212. 
Self-fertilization, 160. 
Sepal, 137. 
Separated flowers, 145. 
Sequoia, 44. 
Series, plants form a, 217. 
Serrate, 87. 
Sessile, not stalked, as leaves with- 
2738 
out petioles, or anthers without 
Silaments. 
Shrub, 43. 
Sieve-plate, 55, 56. 
Sieve-tube, 55, 56. 
Silica, 117. 
Simple leaves, 91. 
Simple pistil, 147. 
Sinuate, 87. 
Sleep of leaves, 98, 99. 
Slime-moulds, 126-128. 
*¢ Smilax,’ 50, 51. 
Sori, 241. 
Spatulate, 87. 
Species, 213. 
Spike, 132, 133. 
Spine, 207, 208. 
Spiral vessel, 59. 
Spirogyra, study of, 221-224. 
Spore, 126-128. 
Squash-seed, 4, 5. 
Stamen, 1438. 
Stamen, parts of, 146. 
Staminate, containing stamens but 
not pistils. 
Standard, one of the petals in a 
papilionaceous flower (the large 
upright one shown in Fig. 195). 
Starch, 21-23, 72. 
Starch disappears during germina- 
tion, 25. 
Starch-making, 119-121. 
Starch, testing seed for, 21, 22. 
Stem, 38-76. 
Stem, early history of, 61, 62. 
Stem, functions of cells of, 58, 59. 
Stemless plants, 44. 
Stem, modifiability of, 50, 51. 
Stem, monocotyledonous, 64-66. 
Stems, storage of food in, 72. 
