ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
POLYPETALOUS. Flowers having distinct petals. 
Stamens on receptacle (hypogynous). 
Numerous, and all floral organs distinct (Ranunculacee), Crowfoot 
Family, 22. 
4 long and 2 short (sometimes fewer) ; petals 4 (Crucifere), Mustard 
Family, 24. 
Few and definite; flowersregular . . . . (Caryophyllacee), 
Pink Family, 20. 
5; flowersirregular . . . . (Violacew), Violet Family, 32. 
Numerous and with the filaments united . . . . (Malvaceze), 
Mallow Family, 51. 
Stamens on calyx (perigynous). 
Carpels fewer than sepals ; leaves without stipules (Saxifragacee), 
Saxifrage Family, 26. 
Carpels 2 or more (genus Prunus only one); leaves with stipules 
(Rosacez), Rose Family, 27. 
Carpel1 . . . . . . (Leguminosz), Pulse Family, 29. 
Stamens on ovary (epigynous) (Umbelliferze), Parsley Family, 54. 
[Near this come Evening Primroses, Cornels, and Gourds.] 
GAMOPETALOUS. Petals united into a cup or tube. (A few have also dis- 
tinct petals.) 
Ovary free from calyx. 
Corolla regular. 
Ovary deeply 4lobed . (Borraginacez), Borage Family, 39. 
Ovary 2celled, filled with ovules (Solanacee), Nightshade 
Family, 42. 
{Near this are Morning-glories, Phloxes and Gentians.] 
Ovary 1-celled, stamens opposite corolla-lobes (Primulacez), Prim- 
rose Family, 38. 
Corolla irregular. 
Ovary deeply 4lobed . . . . (Labiate), Mint Family, 40. 
Ovary entire, 2-celled (Scrophulariacee), Figwort Family, 43. 
Corolla regular or irregular. 
Ovary usually with as many cells as the corolla has lobes, anthers 
opening by a hole at the apex of each cell (Ericacez), Heath 
Family, 36. 
Ovary adnate to calyx. 
Stamens distinct, on corolla; leaves opposite, without stipules (Capri- 
foliaceze), Honeysuckle Family, 46. 
Stamens distinct, on corolla, leaves opposite, with stipules, or whorled 
withoutthem . . . (Rubiacee), Madder Family, 44. 
Stamens distinct, not on corolla (Ericacee), Heath Family, 36. 
Stamens united by their anthers; flowers in heads (Compost 
Composite Family, 48. 
