8 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
b. (P. r1iGgipA), NORTHERN Pircu Pine. A stout tree, 30-80 ft. 
high, with rough scaly bark. Leaves in threes, 3-5 in. long, stiff 
and flattened. Cones ovate-conical, 2-3 in. long, their scales tipped 
with a short, abruptly curved spine. Wood hard, coarse and resinous, 
mainly used for fuel. 
Fie. 209.—Scotch Pine (P. sylvestris). 
1, a twig showing: a, staminate catkins ; b, pistillate catkins ; c, a cone; d, needles. 
2, an anther, a, side view ; b, outer surface. 3, a carpel-scale, a, inner surface ; 
b, outer surface. 4, a cone-scale, a seed-wing and a seed. 5, section of a seed, 
showing the embryo. (1) is natural size ; the other parts of the figure are magni- 
fied by the amount indicated by comparison with the vertical line alongside each. 
c. (P. sy_vestris), Scorcn Pre (wrongly called Scotch Fir). A 
medium-sized tree, with the older bark reddish and scaly. Leaves in 
twos, 13-23 in. long. Cones rather small and tapering (Fig. 209, c). 
Cultivated from Europe. 
