ANGIOSPERMS. 8) 
I. LARIX, LARCH. 
Catkins short, opening in early spring, before the leaves ; 
the fertile ones, while in flower, of a beautiful crimson color. 
Fruit a small cone, with thin scales. Leaves, none of them 
scaly, but all needle-shaped, soft, deciduous, very numerous, 
in little brush-like bundles. 
a. (L. AMERICANA), AMERICAN LArcH, TAMARACK, HACKMa- 
TACK (wrongly, but quite generally, called Cypress and Juniper). <A 
tall, slender tree, 50-100 ft. high. Leaves slender and less than 1 in. 
long, very pale bluish-green. Cones 3—3 in. long, few-scaled. Wood 
hard, tough, and heavy, of considerable use for ship-building. 
6. (L. Evrop#a), European L. Leaves bright green and 
longer ; cones longer than in the preceding species and many-scaled. 
Cultivated from Europe. 
CLASS II.— ANGIOSPERMS. 
Plants with a closed ovary, in which the seeds are matured. 
Cotyledons 1 or 2. 
SUB-CLASS I.— MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 
Stems with the fibro-vascular bundles scattered amid the 
parenchyma cells (Fig. 54); in perennial plants no annual 
rings of wood. Leaves usually parallel-veined, alternate, 
nearly entire. Parts of the flower generally in threes (never 
in fives). Cotyledon one. 
GRAMINEZ, GRASS FAMILY. 
Mostly herbs, with usually hollow stems, closed and enlarged 
at the nodes, alternate leaves, in two ranks, with sheathing 
bases, which. are split open on the side opposite the blade. 
The flowers are nearly or quite destitute of floral envelopes, 
solitary, and borne in the axils of scaly bracts called glumes, 
which are arranged in two ranks overlapping each other on 
