12 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
more or less covered by a large hood-like bract called a 
spathe. Perianth, when present, of 4-6 parts; often want- 
ing. Fruit usually a berry. 
ARISZMA, INDIAN TURNIP, DRAGON ROOT. 
Spathe rolled up at base. Summit of spadix naked, the 
lower part flower-bearing, staminate flowers above and pistil- 
late ones below. Stigma flat; ovary 1-celled; berry 1—few- 
seeded. Perennial herbs, springing from a corm or a tuberous 
rootstock. 
a. (A. TRIPHYLLUM), INDIAN TURNIP, JACK-IN-THE-PULPIT. 
Leaves generally 2, each of 3 elliptical-ovate, pointed leaflets; spadix 
club-shaped, bearing usually only one kind of fully developed 
flowers, that is, full-sized pistillate and rudimentary staminate ones, 
or the reverse. Spathe much longer than the spadix and covering it 
like a hood. Corm turnip-like, but much wrinkled, starchy, and 
filled with intensely burning juice. 
b. (A. Dracontium), GREEN DraGon, Dracon Roor. Leaf 
usually single, divided into 7-11 rather narrow pointed leaflets ; 
spadix tapering to a long slender point, often bearing fully developed 
staminate and pistillate flowers. 
LILIACEZ, LILY FAMILY. 
Mostly herbs. Flowers regular and symmetrical, nearly 
always with six stamens, with their anthers turned inwards. 
Ovary free, usually 3-celled. Fruit a capsule or berry. 
Seeds with endosperm (Fig. 8, I). 
I. POLYGONATUM, SOLOMON’S SEAL. 
Perianth tubular, with a 6-lobed margin; the 6 stamens in- 
serted near the middle of the tube and included within it; 
_ anthers facing inward. Ovary 3-celled, each cell containing 
several ovules; style slender, included. Berry globular, 
black or blue, 3-6-seeded. Perennial herbs, with simple, 
alternate-leaved stems which proceed from large rootstocks, 
marked with circular scars, which show the points of attach- 
ment of stems of previous years. The common name is 
derived from the presence of these scars. 
