28 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
tinct or united. Fruit a group of akenes, a stone-fruit (Fig. 
180), or a pome. Seeds 1 or few in each carpel, destitute 
of endosperm. 
I PRUNUS, PLUM, CHERRY, ETC. 
Trees or shrubs; leaves simple, with stipules, which are 
often small or fall off early ; calyx with a bell-shaped or urn- 
shaped tube and 5-lobed spreading limb, falling off after 
flowering; petals 5; stamens 3-5 times as numerous, or 
indefinite, inserted on the throat of the calyx-tube; pistil 1, 
long-styled, with 2 ovules, ripening into a single stone-fruit. 
a. (P. AMERICANA), WiLp Pium. A tall shrub or spreading 
small tree, 10-15 ft. high, generally thorny, with large, obovate, 
taper-pointed, coarsely serrate leaves, large, white, pediceled flowers, 
and tough-skinned oval or roundish, reddish or yellowish fruit, with 
a sharp-edged or margined flattened stone. 
b. (P. cERASUS), GARDEN Rep Cuerry, Sour C., MorELLO 
C. A spreading tree 10-50 ft. high, with ovate or obovate serrate 
leaves ; short-pediceled, rather large flowers, appearing earlier than 
the leaves; and sour, red fruit. Cultivated from Europe. 
c. (P. VirGINIANA), CHOKE CHERRY. A shrub or small tree, 
5-20 ft. high, with thin oval or obovate, pale, pointed, sharply serrate 
leaves and small white flowers in short racemes. Fruit bright red, 
turning at length to dark crimson, very puckery until fully ripe ; 
stone smooth. 
II. POTENTILLA, CINQUEFOIL. 
Calyx flat, deeply 5-cleft, with bractlets at the base alter- 
nating with the divisions. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite. 
Ovaries small, on a dry receptacle, ripening into akenes. 
Leaves compound. Flowers single or in cymes. 
a. (P. AarGuTA), Upricur Cinquerort. An erect, stout, hairy 
plant, 1-4 ft. high, with long-petioled pinnate root-leaves and few 
stem-leaves, each of 3-7 leaflets, the latter broadly ovate and cut- 
toothed or serrate, downy underneath. Flowers large, in dense 
terminal clusters, the petals whitish or cream-color. Perennial. 
b. (P. CANADENSIS), ComMON CINQUEFOIL. Stems slender, pro- — 
cumbent, silky-hairy, sending out long runners, with obovate wedge- 
shaped leaflets appearing like 5 from the divisions of the 2 lateral 
ones and 1-flowered peduncles in the axils of the leaves. Perennial. 
c. (P. ARGENTEA), SILVERY CINQUEFOIL. Stems prostrate or 
