82 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
monadelphous stamens (Fig. 129), and several more or less 
distinct pistils. Fruit a several-celled capsule or a collection 
of 1-seeded carpels. 
I. MALVA, MALLOW. 
Calyx 5-cleft, with a small 3-leaved involucre. Petals ob- 
cordate or truncate. Styles many, slender, with stigmas 
running down the sides (Fig. 154). Carpels many, 1-seeded, 
arranged in a circle and separating from each other, but not 
opening when ripe. 
a. (M. ROTUNDIFOLIA), ComMON MALLOw, CHEESES (from appear- 
ance of the unripe fruit). A common weed, with nearly prostrate 
stems; long-petioled, round-kidney-shaped leaves, with crenate margins; 
and small whitish flowers on long peduncles. Biennial or perennial. 
b. (M. sytvesrris), High Matitow. Stem erect, 2-3 ft. high, 
with 5-7-lobed leaves and purplish flowers, larger than those of the 
preceding species. Biennial or perennial. 
II. ABUTILON, INDIAN MALLOW. 
Calyx 5-cleft, the tube often angled. Styles 5-20, with 
knobbed stigmas. Carpels as many as the styles, arranged 
in a circle, each 1-celled, 3-6-seeded, and opening when ripe 
by 2 valves: 
(A. sTRIATUM), TASSEL TREE, FLOWERING Mapie. A shrub 
5-10 ft. high, with maple-like leaves and showy solitary flowers nod- 
ding on slender peduncles; corolla not opening widely, orange, 
striped with reddish-brown veins; column of stamens projecting 
beyond the corolla like a tassel. Cultivated in hot-houses, from 
Brazil. 
VIOLACEZH, VIOLET FAMILY. 
Herbs with simple, alternate leaves, with stipules (Fig. 
72). Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla — somewhat 
irregular, one petal with a spur—of 5 petals. Stamens 5, 
short, the filaments often cohering around the pistil. Style 
generally club-shaped, with a one-sided stigma, with an open- — 
ing leading to its interior. Pod 1-celled, splitting into 3 
valves, each bearing a placenta. The seeds are often dis- 
persed by the splitting of the elastic valves. 
