34 ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. 
f. (V. CANADENSIS), CanapA VIOLET. Stems very leafy, 
smooth, 1 ft. or more high. Leaves heart-shaped, taper-pointed, 
serrate. Flowers large and handsome; petals white, or nearly so, 
inside, — the upper ones usually violet-tinged beneath, lateral petals 
bearded. 
*k* Leafy-stemmed, from an annual, biennial, or occasionally short-lived 
perennial root ; stipules about as large as the leaves. Fig. 72. 
g- (V. TRICOLOR), Pansy, H®ArRT’s-EASE. Stem _ branching, 
angular, hardly erect; leaves variable, more or less ovate, crenate. 
Flowers large (often more than 1 in. across), flattish, short-spurred, 
exceedingly variable in color. Cultivated from Europe. 
(Variety ARVENSIS), JOHNNY-JUMP-UP, LADy’s DeLicHT. A 
small-flowered variety, running wild in wardens and sometimes 
appearing like a native plant. 
UMBELLIFERA, PARSLEY FAMILY. 
Herbs, usually with hollow, grooved stems and small flowers, 
generally in umbels. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary; limb 
of the calyx either wanting or present only as a 5-toothed rim 
or margin around the top of the ovary. Petals 5 and stamens 
5, inserted on the disk which is borne by the ovary. Ovary 
2-celled and 2-ovuled, ripening into 2 akene-like carpels, which 
split away from each other. Each carpel bears 5 longitudinal 
ribs, in the furrows between which secondary ribs frequently 
occur. On a cross-section of the fruit oil-tubes are seen, 
traversing the interspaces between the ribs, and pretty near 
the surface of the fruit. The seeds contain a small embryo, 
enclosed in considerable endosperm. (The family is a difficult 
one, since the flowers are so much alike that the species are 
distinguished from each other mainly by rather minute char- 
acteristics of the fruit.) 
I. HERACLEUM, COW PARSNIP. 
Calyx with 5 small teeth. Fruit tipped with a thick conical 
enlargement of the style, with three blunt ribs on the outer 
surface of each carpel and a large oil-tube in each interval 
