288 



THE STRUCTURE OF FLOWERS. 



malformed Lolium perenne, in which the flowering glnmes 

 had styles and stigmas (Fig. 65, a, h) ; the essential organs 

 being absent, were replaced bj a tuft of minute scale-like 



Fis- 64.— Involucral bract of 

 Nigella, with autber (after 

 Masters). 



L'ig, 65.— Glumes of Lolium, with anther 

 and stigmas (after Masters). 



organs, some of which were prolonged into stjliform pro- 

 cesses, the sexual organs being otherwise suppressed. 



In a proliferous case of Delphinium elatum described 

 and figured by Cramer,* the parts of the flowers were all 

 metamorphosed into open rudimentary carpels. The axis 

 was elongated and terminated above, in one case, by a 

 similar abortive flower ; in another, by an umbel of such 

 flowers, every part of which was more or less carpellary ; 

 while all the bracts on the prolonged axis, even those out of 

 the axils of w^hich the branches of the umbel sprang, w^ere 

 similarly made of open carpels. 



Progressive Changes in the Calyx. — The sepals are 

 usually homologous with the petiole of a leaf. This is obvi- 

 ously the case with the Rose, where the rudiments of the 



* Bildungsahweichungen, etc., heft, i., taf. 10. The figure is repro- 

 duced in Teratology, p. 126. 



