342 



INDEX. 



Autogamy, explained, 198, 311. See 

 Self-fertilisation. 



Axis, and appendage, homology be- 

 tween, 309 ; floral, cause of arrest 

 of, 6 



B 



Beta^ formation of ovule of, (fig. 16) 



73 

 Boughs, curvature of, due to strain, 



(fig. 39) 125 

 Bracts, petaloid, 286, (figs. 62, 63) 



2h7 ; pistiloid (glumes), (fig. 65) 



288 ; progressive changes in, 286 ; 



transitional forms of, in Hellebore, 



(fig. 61) 286 

 Bulbs, origin of, from funicle, 310 ; 



from leaf-sheath, 310 



Cabbages, excrescences on, homologous 

 with ovules, 307 



Calyx, arrest of, 8, 184, 194; pro- 

 gressive metamorphosis of, 288 ^ 

 -tube, 89, seqq. See Sepals. 



Campanula medium, anatomy of flower 

 of, (fig. 8)43, (fig. 15)71 



CampanulacecE, arrangement of carpels 

 in genera of, 44 



Capparidece, andrcecium of, and sym- 

 metry in flower of, 33 



Carpels, arrest of, 4, 8, 278 ; in Cam- 

 panulacece, 44; cohesion of, 62; 

 decrease by compensation, 21, 278 , 

 phyllody of, 302 ; superposition of, 

 44, seqq. ; typical num.ber of whorls 

 of, 4. See Pistil. 



Carpophore, placental origin of, 72 



Cell-division and light, 154 



Cell-wall, thickening of, to resist 

 pressure, 127 



Centaurea, adaptations for fertilisa- 

 tion, (fig. 11) 60 ; and sexuality, 

 240 



Change of symmetry, 18, 186 



Chorisis, and arrangement, 24, 39, 44, 



46 ; multiplication of stamens by, 

 44, and of carpels by, 44, 308, and 

 of ovules by (in Orchids), 309 



Cleistogamy, and anemophily, 264 ; 

 and degeneracy, 251, seqq. ; and en- 

 vironment, 263 ; explained, 198; in 

 flowers, 251 ; illustrations of 257- 

 262; in Impatiens, (fig. 58) 261; 

 in Lamium, (fig. 59) 261 ; origin 

 of, 262-264; in Oxalis, (fig. 57) 

 260; in Salvia, (fig. 60) 262; in 

 Violets, (figs. 55, 56) 257, 258 



Cohesion, of carpels, 62 ; illustrations 

 of, 49, 50; origin of, 50 ; of petals, 

 56 , in Fhytewm, (fig. 9) 50 ; 

 principle of, 5, 48 , of sepals, 54 , 

 of stamens, 57 , to resist strains, 

 51, 53 ; varieties of, congenital and 

 by contact, 48 



Colours, of Alpine flowers, 176 ; 

 changes in, 176 ; and darkness, 177 ; 

 effect of crossing on, 178 ; eflect of 

 salts on, 175 ; of flowers, 174 , and 

 insects, 182; laws of, 174; nutri- 

 tion and, 178 ; origin of, 178 ; as 

 pathfinders, 178, and arrest of, 

 253 , white and pale tints, and 

 self-fertilisation, 253; whole, and 

 self-fertilisation, 183 



Compensation, in adaptations of 

 flowers, 105, 117 ; atrophy and 

 hypertrophy in, 105 ; increase of 

 seeds and decrease of carpels by, 

 21, 278 ; in irregular flowers, 103, 

 seqq. ; in rudimentary organs, 284 



Conducting tissue, of Orchids, 165; 

 origin of, by irritation of pollen- 

 tube, 165, seqq. ; structure of, (fig. 

 50) 164 



Coniferoe, foliage of, adnate and free, 

 84; origin of flowers and the, 337 



Connivent anthers, of Violet, 60 



Contabescence of anthers, 275 



Cords, fibro-vascular, alteration in 

 orientation of, 64, 65 ; as floral 

 I units, 300, 308, 309 ; in flower of 

 Campanula, (fig. 8) 43, (fig. 15) 

 71 ; increase in number of, 55-57 ; 

 orientation of phloem and tracheae 



