20 Director’s REPORT OF THE 
‘of external heat. As there is a demand for such a wash upon the 
part of smaller orchardists further experiments are to be under- 
taken to devise methods by which all preparations may be made 
equally effective. 
In the experiments with apple trees applications of the wash 
proved very efficient in preventing injuries by early spring leaf- 
eating insect's as the bud moth and case bearer. Such treatment 
was of little or no value for the codling moth. Owing to the 
absence of apple scab the value of a sulphur wash for this dis- 
ease remains undetermined. For the treatment of peaches it has 
been shown that one application of a sulphur wash during dor- 
mant season will efficiently control both leaf curl and scale. 
Future experiments are necessary to determine the value of the 
sulphur washes as combined fungicides and insecticides for the 
treatment of other varieties of fruit. 
Fall use of sulphur sprays.—In this work a study has been 
made of the effects of fall applications of sulphur washes upon 
fruit and leaf buds, and upon the scale. The experiments were 
conducted in three orchards, two near Geneva and one near 
Queens, L. I. One of these was a thrifty young orchard of 
peaches and plums which had received the best of attention in 
every respect and contained no scale. The other orchard at 
Geneva, of apples, pears, crab apples, cherries and plums, was 
older, was well infested with scale, and had received no treat- 
ment for insects or diseases, but had been well cared for in other 
respects. The third orchard, at Queens, contained only apples 
and peaches, and showed plainly the effects of scale injury. The 
sprayed trees in the three orchards numbered 66 large apple trees, 
33 pear trees, 257 plum trees, 39 cherry trees, 6 crab apple trees 
and 252 peach trees. Applications of the washes were made dur- 
ing November. In the orchard which was free of scale the appli- 
cations caused a diminution in the amount of bloom and foliage 
of peaches and plums which varied according to the sprav 
applied, the lime-sulphur proving the least destructive. In 
orchard II, which was infested with scale, the plums lost from 10 
to 50 per ct. of their blossoms and had slight injuries to the leaf 
buds upon the lower branches. Morello cherries suffered a loss of 
five per ct. of the blossoms. Apples and pears were affected in 
the same degree. Crab apples bore a full crop of fruit and fol- 
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