126 Report OF THE CHEMIST OF THE 
determine the amount of sodium, expressed as oxide, that is 
actually present in combination in the soap. 
(4) Potassium oxide combined as soap—When a soap is 
guaranteed to contain potash, it is important to ascertain how 
much is present, since potash costs more than caustic soda. In 
an ordinary soda soap, it is not important to determine the 
potash. 
(5) Resin.—To many soaps resin is added apparently for the 
purpose of enabling the soap to hold water, making it harder 
and of increasing the weight. 4 
(6) Free fatty acid—tIn making a soap, more fat or oil may 
be used than can combine with the alkali used ‘and then some 
uncombined fat or oil will be left over. This is indicated under 
the expression “ free fatty acid.” The same condition may occur 
when the combination of fat and alkali is incomplete. 
(7) Free alkaliimWhen more alkali is used than can combine 
with the fat or oil used or when the combination is incomplete, 
free alkali is left in the soap. This condition in spraying soaps 
may prove injurious to foliage. 
RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF WHALE-OIL SOAPS. 
In the following table, we present the results of analysis of 9 
samples of commercial whale-oil soap. Ordinary impurities were 
not determined. Potash was estimated only in those advertised 
as potash soaps. The amount of actual soap is found by adding 
the constituents, anhydrides of fatty acids, soda and potash. 
TasLe I—Givine Resuuts or ANALYSIS OF WHALE-OIL SOAPS. 
| Fatty acid Soda | Potash | ver Free 
No. of | w. Actual | expressed | (Na2.O) | (K2O)com-| alkali as 
- Water. ; A : fatty . 
sample. soap. as anhy- | combined | bined as | eras soda Resin. 
drides. | as soap. | soap. | ; (Na.O) 
| Per ct. | Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. | Perct. | Per ct. Per ct. Per ct. 
1 WIGS |e 59.277, 50.84 | 8.43 | 0 - 11.14 0.00 | 12.65 
2 20.38 | 36.66 25.87 | 10.79 0 3.95 0.00 | 51.60 
3 28.39 14.90 F8.05 6.85 10) | 0.00 1.30 | 20.58 
4 29.4 50.27 39.11 Li 16 0 | 14.66 0.00 | 4.99 
5 29.75 19.66 12.07 7.59 0 10.01 0.00 | 33.17 
6 | 36.79 | 46.28 35.82 4.88 Hees HD FaT 0:00'} 38.25, 
uf 52.74 | 25.80 16.40 2.30 7.07 10.72 0.00 10.57 
8 Dolor! 24006 19.12 1.95 2.99 | 17.20 0.00 | 
9| 54.85 | 24.11 15.27 | 1.89 6.95 | 9.02 0.00 | 7.98 
} | 1 
The tabulated data of special interest that enable us best to 
estimate the value of a soap for spraying purposes are the follow- 
i lh tt es ee 
