130 REPORT OF THE CHEMIST OF THE 
with reference to this condition. The leaves were examined on 
the second and third day after spraying. On the second day after 
spraying, only the young apple leaves showed signs of burning and 
that was by the one solution made from soap containing 10 per 
ct. of free alkali. When examined on the third day after spray- 
ing, the apple leaves appeared the same as on the previous 
day, the plum and currant leaves showed no appreciable harm, 
and the pear foliage was unharmed except for a slight burning 
at the ends of the leaves by the solution of the soap containing 
10 per ct. of free alkali. 
(2) June 23, apple, pear, plum and cherry foliage was dipped 
in solutions of soap containing 0.75, 2, 5, 10 and 20 per ct. 
of free alkali and also in a solution of soap No. 2 containing 
11.22 per ct. of free alkali. When examined on the next day, no 
harm was shown by any of the leaves except the young leaves 
of the apple in the case of the largest amounts of free alkali. 
It was noticed that a lady-bird beetle on the foliage was killed by 
the solution of the soap that contained 20 per ct. of free alkali. 
When examined on the second day after spraying, the following 
results were observed :—The apple leaves treated with soap con- 
taining 0.75, 2 and 5 per ct. of free alkali were not injured; those 
treated with the soap containing 10 and 11.22 per ct. of free 
alkali were slightly burned, while the soap containing 20 per ct. 
of free alkali caused serious injury. 
The pear foliage suffered no injury from soap containing five 
per ct. or less of free alkali, while injury was caused by the soap 
containing 10 per ct. or more of free alkali, the extent of injury 
increasing with the amount of free alkali present. 
The plum foliage suffered no injury except very slight burn- 
ing in the case of the solution made from the soap containing 20 
per ct. of free alkali. 
The cherry leaves were injured by solutions made from soap 
containing 10 per ct. or more of free alkali. 
(3) June 24, apple, pear, plum, currant, cherry, and peach 
leaves were treated with a solution made from a soap containing 
50 per ct. of free alkali. In every case, the leaves were badly 
burned, as might be anticipated. 
