New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 145 
from 45° to 55° F., and kept there five months, from November 
to April. The bung-holes of the casks were loosely stoppered 
with cotton. In experiments numbered 11 to 16, the apple juice 
was allowed to stand in a large vat for two days to settle and 
was then siphoned into 20-gallon casks, loosely stoppered with 
cotton. Those numbered 11 to 14 were placed in the cellar, 
while those numbered 15 and 16 were placed in a boiler-room, 
where the temperature varied from about 70° to 80° F. In 
experiments numbered 17 to 28, the apple juice was stored in 
quart bottles and kept at 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, and 85° F. In 22, 
23 and 24, malic acid was added to the juice. In experiments 
25, 26, 27 and 28 yeast was added to the sterilized apple juice, in 
28 malic acid being added. 
In experiments 29 and 30, some apple juice was stored in the 
cellar in 10-gallon casks while in experiments 31 to 385, some of 
the same kind of juice was stored in 5-pint bottles at 55°, 60°, 
fiat. io and 80> Fb. 
For the details of analytical results obtained in the individual 
‘experiments, the reader is referred to the appendix. 
The rapidity of the transformation of sugars into alcohol 
depends upon several conditions, among which may be mentioned 
(1) length of time, (2) temperature and (3) addition of yeast. 
Relation of time to formation of alcohol.—The data presented 
in the following table represent the averages of results obtained 
with the first ten samples of apple juice given in Table I: 
TABLE V.—RELATION OF TIME TO ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION OF 
APPLE JUICE. 
| | | 
-| Equivalent 
% ae Redes of total ase 
Specific educing Q sugar in cohol 
Agr, gravity. sugars. | Sucrose, form of | by wt. 
| invert 
| sugar. 
Pew cian) weer ct: Per ct. Per ct. 
MERE cries? stars stash nels ine bi 1.0640 9.31 4.01 sie hae 0.00 
MB MOMM A. hhc Aye ee he ota Ss 1.0634 9.02 SOU 12.55 OLE 
PTROM GUS Soe oe ara reiin oos arora 1.0377 <6 1.06 8.28 2.00 
SMA ODDHSOs Mel srs. sce tebalstbkt eh sehew 1.0123 3.97 0.27 4.27 4.68 
ABIMOM GIS eon totam ccs tera se 1.0064 yee Wy | 0.12 2.29 5.79 
BEMMONGHSEE oN aveie< ciate see: <6 0.9998 0.72 0.05 0.77 6.73 
(Sheree Covel ope, eat ect Sager ae ae 0.9990 0.29 0.03 0.32 6.81 
Mee MOTUS 6 os ovate: Scpars vey store Rieke te 0.9986 0.20 0.03 | 0.23 6.79 
