190 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
ing; and (3) to what extent one application of the sulphur wash 
could be depended upon to take the place of one or more applica- 
tions of the bordeaux-arsenical mixtures. 
In conducting the field work, blocks of bearing apple, peach, 
pear and plum, secured for the experiments, were divided into 
four sections, the varieties being representative of all. These 
sections were treated as follows: Section No. I, sprayed once 
with the lime-sulphur-soda wash; Section No. II, sprayed once 
with the sulphur wash before the opening of the buds and twice 
after the appearance of the leaves with the bordeaux-arsenical 
mixtures; Section No. III, check, no treatment; Section No. 
IV, sprayed three times with bordeaux mixture containing an 
arsenical poison, once before and twice after the appearance of 
the leaves. 
LOCATION OF ORCHARDS. 
To carry out these plans, codperative experiments were ar- 
ranged with a number of the fruit-growers of this State. These 
experiments were conducted under the direct supervision of a 
member of the Station staff, who directed the spraying operations 
and kept records of the details of the work and the results of 
the treatment. 
The orchards in which the experiments were made are situated 
in Westchester county, near Yorktown; in Ontario county, near 
Geneva; and in Orleans county, near Carlton Station. The num- 
ber of trees treated was 1,440, consisting of 451 large apple, 245 
plum, 338 pear, 375 peach, 26 quince and 5 cherry. 
These orchards, with the exception of No. 1 at Carlton Sta- 
tion (which has been somewhat neglected, especially in the treat- 
ment for insects and diseases) have received careful attention, 
and have been given the usual sprayings with bordeaux mixture 
containing an arsenical poison. 
The San José scale was present in all of the orchards, with 
the exception of No. 2 at Carlton Station. In the Geneva and 
Carlton Station No. 1 orchards the scale was not abundant, 
except upon a few trees. None of these have ever been treated 
for this pest. The Yorktown orchards have been known to be 
infested for a number of years, and have been treated in part 
with hydrocyanic acid gas and petroleum. The scale was well 
distributed among all the varieties. A goodly number of the 
