192 Report of THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
Aside from the heating of the water, the cooking of the wash 
was done in a tub or half barrel, and took from ten to twenty 
minutes. In some preparations, especially when hot water was 
used to start the slaking of the lime, not all of the stated amount 
of caustic soda was employed, but six pounds was the maximum. 
CONDITIONS. 
The work of applying the sulphur wash commenced March 25 
and continued till April 29. During the early applications the 
weather was bright and spring like, with light winds and occa- 
sional showers. Towards the last the weather changed and 
became cold and cloudy with frequent rains. Much difficulty 
was experienced at this time in spraying the larger trees. Rains 
occurred March 28, 30, 31 and April 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 
and 16. Asa whole, the weather during the time of spraying was 
a severe test of the wash. 
In applying the wash the trees were sprayed once carefully, 
and as soon as the application was dry, another was made, the 
spray being directed only upon the parts of the trees that had 
escaped the first treatment. Vermorel nozzles with fine apertures 
were employed in all of the operations. 
The weather for the four weeks immediately following the last 
spraying with the sulphur wash was very dry. The precipitation 
at Geneva for May was .28 inches as compared with an average 
of 2.51 inches for the same months in the four preceding years. 
In using the bordeaux-arsenical mixtures applications were 
made as follows: (1) As the leaf buds commenced to appear 
ereen at the tips; (2) just after the blossom fell; and (3) from 
ten to fourteen days after the second treatment. As previously 
explained, the first application was always omitted in the treat- 
ment of Section II in all orchards. In applying the spray the 
trees were sprayed once carefully and did not receive further 
treatment except as provided for in the regular order of spray- 
ing. 
GENERAL RESULTS. 
In planning these experiments it was the aim to obtain data 
upon the relative values of the sprays employed for the treat- 
ment of important insect and fungous pests of the orchard. 
Results of these sprays upon pests which are controlled by treat- 
