New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 193 
ment during the dormant season were especially desired. Owing 
to the location of some of the orchards and the peculiar weather 
conditions which prevailed during the growing season the num- 
ber of pests upon which an opportunity was given to make satis- 
factory tests was disappointingly small. This was especially 
‘true of the plant diseases, which were very little destructive this 
year. Very satisfactory results were obtained upon the San José 
scale, the codling moth, the bud moth and case bearers, espe- 
cially the two latter, which are discussed under separate headings. 
RESULTS ON SCALE. 
The Yorktown orchard.—A careful examination of the orchards 
at Yorktown was made from September 21 to 23, to determine 
the effects of the sulphur wash upon the scale. The results upon 
the apple trees indicate that the numbers of the scale had been 
greatly reduced. In comparison with the checks the treatment 
had apparently destroyed from 60 to 80 per ct. of the scales. 
On a number of the twigs and branches of three trees young 
live scales were quite abundant. Upon these trees the wash did 
not appear to be so efficient. Their condition indicated that the 
different preparations of the wash were not always equally 
effective. It was quite apparent in the course of inspection 
that the trees that were much incrusted with scale and had con- 
siderable rough bark were the least affected by the treatment. 
While these trees did not differ from others in an appreciable 
degree with respect to the condition of the bark, they were among 
the worst infested trees of the orchard. Undoubtedly the dense 
layers of scale, together with the rough bark, contributed to 
these unfavorable results. The fruit upon the sprayed trees was, 
as a rule, very clean, although there were individual trees that 
had quite a few specimens of fruit spotted with scale. The 
records of five trees show that from yields of 1,200 to 4,000 apples 
there were respectively from 12 to 30 infested specimens. The 
infestation of the foliage was very slight. 
Upon the peach, plum, and pear trees the percentage of scales 
killed, while varying with individual trees, averaged higher than 
upon the apples in the same vicinity. The fruit and foliage of 
the peach and plum trees were unaffected while about three to 
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