194 REpoRT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
five per ct. of that on the pear trees was marked with scale. 
The wash was most effective upon the moderately infested trees, 
where a large proportion of the scales was destroyed. The trees 
of these varieties were small and possessed smooth bark; and for 
these reasons were undoubtedly better treated. 
The Geneva and Carlton Station No. 1 orchards—In these 
orchards the best results with the wash were obtained. As indi- 
cated before, none of these trees were much infested with scale. 
The scales as a rule were few and widely distributed, and were 
confined to twigs and small branches in the upper parts of the 
trees. In no case were the scales upon the large branches where 
protection would be furnished by rough bark. In the Geneva 
orchard the scales seemed to be entirely destroyed by the treat- 
ment. Frequent examinations were made during the summer 
by Mr. Taylor who reports that he was unable to find a living 
scale upon any of the treated trees. Quite similar results were 
obtained in the Carlton Station No. 1 orchard. It should be 
stated that in preparing the wash for this orchard steam was 
employed for about ten minutes to heat the water to start the 
slaking of the lime, and to dissolve the soda. The most satis- 
factory demonstration of the insecticidal value of the wash was 
shown by the condition of one apple tree, which was the worst 
infested one in the orchard. On October 20 this tree was care- 
fully examined. After considerable searching a few live scales 
were found on a number of branches. The treatment had cleaned 
the branches of most of the scales. The scales that still adhered 
were for the most part dead, and upon being scraped with a knife 
blade fell to the ground as dry, scurfy matter. Out of 7,784 
apples gathered from 8 trees sprayed with the wash there were 
only 8 infested specimens. 
RESULTS ON CODLING MOTH. 
The results upon the comparative values of the sulphur wash 
and the bordeaux-arsenical mixture upon this insect were obtained 
in the Yorktown and Carlton Station orchards. Owing to the 
differences in their conditions and past treatment, each orchard 
will be considered separately. 
Experiments at Yorktown.—This orchard is composed of old 
trees, which are of a large size. These have in the past received 
