202 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
washes for other pests than the scale and its range as a combined 
insecticide and fungicide. It was for this purpose that the pres- 
ent experiment was planned. In this year’s work considerable 
progress has been made in the knowledge of the limits of the 
profitable use of sulphur sprays in the East. Because of the 
demand for information upon the use of lime-sulphur soda wash, 
the present bulletin, which contains the important results of the 
investigation and directions for the preparation of sulphur washes 
has been published as a preliminary report of the progress of the 
work to date. 
The conclusions drawn from the year’s work are as follows :— 
The experiments with the lime-sulphur-caustic soda wah indi- 
cate that the wash prepared in this manner may not give as 
uniform results for scale treatment as the common lime-sulphur- 
salt wash, prepared by external heat. The difficulty of preparing 
an unvarying wash by this method seems to be due to variations 
in the quality of lime and caustic soda, and the quantity of water 
employed in the slaking of the lime. As some applications have 
proven very efficient and as this method of preparing a sulphur 
spray is a convenient one for small orchardists, further experi- 
ments are to be carried on to test this wash and to devise methods 
by which all preparations of it may be uniformly destructive 
to the scale. 
One application of the lime-sulphur-soda wash to apple trees 
during the dormant season greatly reduced injuries by early 
spring leaf-eating caterpillars (T’metocera and Coleophora sp.). 
Upon the sprayed trees 13.9 per ct. of the leaves and 9 per ct. of 
the apples were worm-injured; while upon the unsprayed trees 
71.7 per ct. of the leaves and 50.0 per ct. of the fruits were worm- 
injured. 
In the comparative tests with one application of the sulphur 
rash during dormant season and the usual treatment with the 
bordeaux-arsenical mixtures for the control of the codling moth 
it was shown that the latter treatment was much more effective. 
The average percentage of wormy apples from trees sprayed with 
the bordeaux-arsenical mixtures is 15.3 and from trees sprayed 
with the lime-sulphur-soda wash 36.7. The results indicate that 
the sulphur wash has no effect in preventing injuries to the fruit 
