904 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
to stir the mixture frequently to prevent the burning and caking 
of the materials upon the sides of the vessel. After one hour’s 
boiling, enough hot water should be added to make the required 
amount of mixture, or if cold water is used the proper propor- 
tion should be added and the wash again brought to the boiling 
point. The wash is now ready for use. It should then be emptied 
into a spraying barrel, being strained through common wire 
screening, and if possible, applied while hot to the trees: Applica- 
tions should be made during dormant season. 
The salt may be omitted. Experiments conducted this past 
summer indicate that washes prepared without the salt have given 
as satisfactory results as preparations containing it. Some think 
that it makes the wash more adhesive, and others believe that 
preparations containing it are more likely to injure the buds. 
These are points that are not satisfactorily determined. If prepa- 
rations without it are equally efficient there seems no necessity 
for using the salt. Some orchardists add the dry sulphur and 
salt before the slaking of the lime or sift it in dry, or add 
it as a paste during the slaking process. The mixture made 
by either of these methods seems to give satisfactory results, 
but it is believed that prepared as directed above there is less 
coarse sediment. Recent experiments indicate that one-half hour’s 
boiling is sufficient but till more extensive tests have been made 
the full amount of time is advised. The mixture should be 
boiled till it is of a brick red color, and when allowed to settle 
appears as a brownish or yellowish-green liquid. 
Use good fresh stone lime, which when slaked forms an even 
paste free from grit and dirt. The Ohio white lump lime makes 
a first class wash, and some grades of local lump lime have been 
found satisfactory. Flowers of sulphur, and light and heavy 
flour of sulphur may be used. The stock salt is the grade used. 
THE LIME-SULPHUR-CAUSTIC SODA WASH. 
FORMULA. 
Taimip lime)! 0. tached as Sei ae ke ce ee eee 30 pounds. 
Miowers.of silphurs!: 376.400 LAs0 cok ek Seles ee 15 pounds. 
Commiertialicaustic sodaisit 5 {Lire ale Pek ei. oe 4-6 pounds. 
Waterysi bp 3s1)i iit ned ch 260) ERUL OREO Oo ameter eee 50 gallons. 
