208 Report of THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
while promising, needed more extensive testing to determine their 
merits in comparison with recognized formule. The details of 
these experiments furnish the basis of this bulletin. 
For their uniform courtesy and cordial codperation, acknowl- 
edgments are due to Messrs. T. C. Maxwell & Bros., Mr. C. W. 
Ward, and Mr. Thos. Maney, who permitted the use of a portion 
of their orchards, and contributed in many ways to further the 
experiments. 
OUTLINE OF THE EXPERIMENTS. 
DESCRIPTION OF ORCHARDS. 
The orchards in which the experiments were conducted are 
situated in Ontario county, near Geneva, and in Queens county, 
near Queens. Owing to the differences in their conditions and 
past treatment, which have an important bearing upon the 
results obtained, each orchard is described separately, as 
follows: 
Orchard I (Messrs. T. C. Maxwell and Bros., Geneva) .—In this 
orchard 25 Fitzgerald peaches and 70 Reine Claude plums were 
selected for treatment. The trees are about eight years old, and 
have received in every respect very careful attention. Both the 
varieties at the time of the application of the washes were thrifty 
and entirely free from scale. 
Orchard II (Thos. Maney, Geneva).—For the purposes of the 
experiment 14 Baldwin and Hubbardston apples, 6 crabs, 33 Bart- 
lett pears, 39 Morello cherries and 187 plums consisting prin- 
cipally of the varieties Abundance, Burbank, Field, Lombard 
and Reine Claude were used. These trees had not been pre- 
viously treated for insects or fungi, but have in other respects 
been given good care. The apples are eighteen years and the 
remaining varieties six years old. The scale was discovered in 
the orchards in 1900 and was very abundant on many of the trees, 
especially the Burbanks and Reine Claudes which showed more 
or less injured twigs and branches as a result of the infestation. 
Orchard III (C. W. Ward, Queens).—This orchard consists of 
65 apples and 227 peach trees, principally of the varieties Elberta, 
Champion, Carman, Greensboro, Hiley and Thurber. The 
peaches vary from one to three years of age, and all except 91 
