) 
developing, and young fish crushed completely by the 
movement of the apparatus. That these facts reveal an 
enormous quantity of fish destroyed in repeated castings 
there should arise no sort of doubt, and the same thing has 
been seen by me on various occasions in the doz or chalut, 
which is worked by boats in the Mediterranean and in the 
southern ocean of Spain, as well as in the jédegas and 
boliches, which drag from land throughout the Spanish 
continent whenever they find suitable localities. I have 
seen more than this. I have seen in the Gulf of Valencia 
drawn up in the sack of one of these nets so great a quantity 
of red mullet that they were all caked together, such was 
the maceration to which this delicate fish had been sub- 
jected, although the injury was the cause of a much less 
price being obtained for fish captured in this manner. 
Of the disastrous results of this fishery we have un- 
questionable examples in Spain. A law fixed an imaginary 
zone near to land within which this kind of fishing was 
prohibited, and when at the end of some years the fishery 
of non-prohibited places was exhausted, application was 
made to fish within the zone, the Government prudently re- 
fused to permit it. A close time having been also appointed 
the fishermen asked that it might be deferred. At some 
places, Malaga among them, the fishermen who had used 
these nets for years growing tired of the damage they caused 
to their catch, bought them all up and burned them, at the 
same time petitioning the government for their extermina- 
tion from the province. Now what do these facts prove ? 
They prove without a shadow of doubt two things. The 
first, that fish obtained by trawling are of inferior value to 
those caught with hooks or floating nets, on account of the 
crushing which renders them liable to early putrefaction. 
Secondly, that in those places where trawling is allowed, the 
