OF ALL COUNTRIES. 53 



a slight ripple on the water is of much advantage. Off the 

 Scottish coast a good take frequently succeeds a thunder- 

 storm, but on the following day hardly any catch is to be 

 made except at the verge of the deep sea. Herrings, it 

 may be observed, are taken in largest quantities when the 

 water has a temperature of about 54° or 55° Fahr., according 

 to the best German authorities. 



Two kinds of nets, more of local than of general use, 

 may also here be mentioned : the trammel,'__employed in 

 some parts of Devon and Cornwall, on the south coast 

 of Ireland, in Guernsey, and on different parts of the Scotch 

 coast ; while the kettle-net is confined to the parts about 

 Beachey Head and Folkestone. The trammel derived, 

 according to Mr. Holdsworth, from the French tremail, or 

 tramail, a corruption of trois mailles, consists, as its name 

 implies, of a combination of three nets or wallings placed 

 side by side and fastened together at the back, foot, and ends. 

 Of these three nets the two on either side have their meshes 

 wide and exactly corresponding to^ each other, but that in 

 the middle is of much finer make and of nearly double the 

 size, the result being a quantity of slack netting between 

 the two. When therefore a prisoner having entered the 

 first, endeavours to pass through the third net, he carries 

 with him a portion of the second, and the more he struggles 

 the more hopelessly he becomes entangled. The kettle- 

 net is an arrangement of stakes and nets, used principally 

 for the capture of mackerel when they come close in shore 

 in the locality above mentioned, and not altogether unlike 

 the nets in connection with towers on the Rhine, built for 

 the purpose of catching salmon. The seine, used for opera- 

 tions performed from the shore, must be familiar to many 

 who have spent their holidays at the seaside. In shape 

 it used to be deeper in the middle than at the sides or 



