OF ALL COUNTRIES. 69 



Bohus during certain parts of the year. Herrings, which, 

 with salmon, form the staple of the fisheries, are found 

 chiefly on the western coasts north of Gothenburg, off the 

 ports of Uddevallen and Stronstad in the winter months. 

 Here also the visits of herrings are subject to considerable 

 fluctuation, and in connection with this subject M. von 

 Yhlen, Inspector of Swedish Fisheries, has carried out 

 some interesting investigations, based on the theory that 

 the occurrence is dependent on a natural law ; the shoals 

 of anchovies taking precedence, the smaller shoals of 

 herrings following them, the larger bringing up the rear ; 

 and the return of fish in large numbers indicating the 

 advent of another fruitful period of seventy years. Lastly, 

 it may be mentioned that Sweden is not wholly at 

 liberty to dispose of her fisheries as she may see good, 

 at least in one particular direction. By the treaty of 

 1855, signed at Stockholm between Great Britain, France, 

 and Sweden and Norway, the latter kingdom bound itself 

 not to cede or exchange any rights of fishery or pasturage 

 with Russia, and to make known to the two former 

 monarchies any proposals to that effect which Russia might 

 put forward ; and on the other part Great Britain and 

 France guaranteed to defend Sweden and Norway in the 

 event of insistance on the part of Russia. It may be 

 questioned whether this peculiar relic of the Crimean War 

 is not liable to create the very complications it was 

 originally intended to prevent. 



In the Russian Empire the fishing is chiefly conducted 

 upon the five great Inland Seas, or Salt Lakes — the Caspian, 

 the Azov, the Baltic, the Black and the White Seas. The 

 navaga frequents the Gulf of Onega and the mouth of the 

 Petchina, while the chimaia prefers the Sea of Azov and 

 the Caspian. Fish being the only food allowed on fast- 



