a THE JOLA OR DECCAN GRASSHOPPER 
placed approxunately vertically and at a depth of one 
to two inches from the surface. In the field, this depth 
may be considerably increased where the grasshoppers 
sink themselves deep into cracks in the process of egg- 
laying. In this case a depth of three inches or more 
may be reached. 
Eege-laying seems to take place in the field always 
late in the afternoon or inthe evening. Most of the cases 
observed were noted just about sunset and more than 
once the coming on of darkness prevented the com- 
pletion of observations. The earliest case of oviposition 
observed in the field was one on a demarcation mound 
about three o’clock in the afternoon. A search was also 
made in the early morning for ovipositing females but in 
no case were any found. In the insectary, where the in- 
sects were not exposed to direct sunlight, oviposition has 
been observed at almost all times of the day though here 
again more commonly in the afternoon. 
Development of the Jola Grasshopper.—As_ already 
stated, the eges remain in the ground throughout the win- 
ter months and hatch only after the early monsoon rains 
have fallen. In 1910, the egg-masses in field cages in the 
laboratory compound, Bangalore hatched on the 22nd, 
25th and 27th of July. Tn the field at Honnali, the 
hatching was first Aigeruad on the 29th of July. In 1910, 
the monsoon was late in beginning and it is probable that, 
in more normal years, the emergence may be somewhat 
earlier. 
Here, as in the case of most grasshoppers, the shell 
splits open at the upper or head end and the insect extri- 
cates itself still covered by a thin membrane or amnion 
which is usually carried to the surface and shed there. 
This is by no means universal, however, as Plate VII, Fig. 
5 shows. In this case the amnia have been left inside 
the shells, the young hoppers emerging as free insects 
from the ege. The two holes in the amnion, out of which 
the anterior pair of legs have been extricated, are visible 
in one of the figures. Plate VII, Fig. 4 shows a hopper in 
the act of hatching. The young hopper is, at first, pale 
but, within an hour or so, takes on the permanent dark 
colour to be described. 
