34 THE JOLA OR DECCAN GRASSHOPPER 
during about five hours’ work with six bags and shows the 
contents of three kerosene tins (each four gallons) of the 
hoppers. As these hoppers were at that time not more than 
one-half inch in length the numbers caught were enormous. 
A calculation based on actual counts of definite small 
quantities of grasshoppers indicates that there were not less 
than twenty-seven lakhs of hoppers in this pile. Another 
catch recorded is five tins with three bags in seven and a- 
half hours (about forty-five lakhs of hoppers). When it is 
remembered that these hoppers were not more than one- 
third grown and that they would, if left, have lived at 
least two months longer, the damage that they would have 
been capable of doing can, to some extent, be imagined. 
Plate IV, Fig. 3, shows a photograph of the young hoppers 
feeding on jola, taken on the 17th August, the day on 
which general bagging operations were begun. 
In a note prepared by Mr. Y. Ramachandra Rao, 
Assistant Entomologist, Madras, furnished through the 
kindness of Dr. C. A. Barber, Botanist to the Madras Gov- 
ernment, the author states that bageing was tried in Bellary 
District, but was given up when it was found that only a 
small proportion of the hoppers actually present on the 
crop could be caught. This clearly does not agree with 
the results above ‘noted, and information received from 
Bombay Presidency indicates that bagging was also quite 
successful there. In place of bags, the author then 
used a hopper trap, which he describes as follows :——“ A set 
of three long shallow tin trays about six feet long were made 
and fitted with side pieces of stiff steel hoops. All the 
fields in Bellary District being drill-sown, the trays were 
placed between adjacent rows “of plants and joined together 
by eross bamboo pieces. The interior of the trays was 
covered with tar. The trap was dragged along the rows 
by two ropes by two coolies. As the trap moved forward the 
side and cross pieces brushed past the leaves of the jola 
plants, and the hoppers being disturbed, jumped down into 
the tar where they were ¢ caught and killed.” He further 
states: “This machine was convincing, but people in only 
three villages actually took it up. Even here they left it 
when they found hoppers coming in from neighbouring 
fields. In one place, Holagondi, the Gowda used it 
energetically and saved his jola, ragi, etc., at a cost of a 
little less than Rs. 2 an acre, This year it is proposed 
