10 THE JOLA OR DECCAN GRASSHOPPER 
used in studying these processes has already been describ- 
ed for the Rice Grasshopper and is as follows :—An outer 
layer of soil, from one quarter to one-half inch in thickness, 
in a glass jar, is divided off from the rest by means of 
stout cardboard. The top of the soil is covered with the 
exception of this external layer. The grasshopper is 
thus compelled to burrow 
close to the glass. The pro- 
cess has already been de- 
scribed in considerable detail 
by me for the Rice Grass- 
hopper and it is sufficient to 
say here that oviposition in 
the case of the Jola Grass- 
hopper is almost exactly 
sunilar. The accompanying 
Text-fig. 4 gives an ac- 
curate picture of the grass- 
hopper in the act of egg-lay- 
ing. An egg has just appear- 
ed between the two pairs of 
Ovipositors and the upper 
pair is moving down to seize 
the egg prior to depositing 
it. The great extension of 
the abdomen is worthy of 
notice, individual abdominal 
segments being extended to 
TEXT-FIG. 4. fully twice their original 
Female Jola Grasshopper laying eggs. length. The time required 
for the digging of a hole and 
the deposition of an egg-mass is very considerable. In one 
case observed in the field, for the whole process in black cot- 
ton soil a period of one and a-half hours was taken from the 
beginning of digging to the completion of egg-laying and 
the emergence of the female from the ground again. 
The following periods were observed in rather light soil in 
the laboratory : 


P.M. 
Digging commenced ake ... 4.40 
Egg-laying commenced Skis Sea OVE 
Do completed 5s eet One) 
Completion of deposition of froth on top of 
egg mass fs 2. EGO 
Grasshopper emerged from hole see | Ove 
