118 LANDS OF THE ARID REGION OF THE UNITED STATES. 
taries are received in Idaho and in Cache Valley. Bordering upon the 
upper reaches of the river, there is little land available for cultivation, and 
the climate forbids any crop but hay. I am informed that the meadow 
land there somewhat exceeds two square miles in area. Where the river 
next enters Utah it runs for 30 miles through an open valley, the valley 
that contains the towns of Woodruff and Randolph. At the head it passes 
through a short defile, and can readily be thrown into two canals at such a 
level as to command the greater part of the valley, bringing about 90 
square miles of land ‘under ditch”. For the irrigation of this amount the 
river is sufficient, but if the necessary water were thus appropriated, too 
little would remain for the use of the lands which border the contiguous 
portions of the river in Wyoming. ‘These have equal claim to the use of 
the river, and a proper distribution of the water would assign it to the 
reclamation of the best selection of land in the two ‘Territories. I estimate 
that such an adjustment would permit the Utah valley to irrigate 45 square 
miles with the water of the river. The minor streams of the valley will 
serve, in addition, 24 square miles. The climate is untavorable to grain 
and the chief crop must be of hay. 
Where the river next enters Utah it has acquired so great a volume 
that it is impracticable to make use of its entire amount. ‘The portion ot 
Cache Valley which lies in Utah can nearly all be irrigated. What is on 
the left bank of Bear River can be served by Logan River and other trib- 
utaries without calling on the main stream. The right bank will have to 
be served in connection with an adjacent tract in Idaho, and by a canal 
lying entirely in that Territory. The expense will be great, but not greater 
than the benefit will warrant. I estimate that the Utah division of Cache 
Valley will ultimately contain 250 square miles of irrigated land. The 
climate admits of the growth of wheat, oats, and corn, and such fruits as 
the apple, pear, and the apricot. 
In leaving Cache Valley the river tumbles through a short, narrow 
canon, and then enters the plain that borders the lake. The limestone 
walls of the canon offer a secure foundation for the head works to a 
system of canals to supply the plain. Here, again, a large outlay is 
necessary, but the benefits will be more than commensurate. Not only 
