The Cranial Nerves of Varanus bivittatus. 451 
so that one can'gather from them only a general idea of the relations 
of these nerves to one another. 
The paper of WEBER ’77, includes an excellent study of the 
nerve supply of the optie museles, the eyelids, and the glands which 
lie in the orbital region, in certain reptiles. And in the region to 
which the author limits himself I can add nothing more than a se- 
cond branch of nerve eiliaris. 
VAN BEMMELEN '87 made certain studies of the glossopharyngeus, 
vagus, accessorious and hypoglossus and of the innervation of the 
cervical muscles in the various orders of reptiles. These studies of 
the nerves are, however, very brief. 
Rue ’96 deseribes the distribution of ramus hyo-mandibularis VII 
in Varanus bivittatus. 
Gaupp ’88 desceribes the innervation of the nasal and buccal 
glands of Lacertilia. This study treates the eranial nerves only in 
the region involved. 
The subject of the eranial nerves of birds has been as much 
neglected as that of reptiles, up to two years ago when there has 
appeared the article by Frl. Corps (’04) on this subject. This work 
gives an interesting basis for comparison between the nearly related 
groups of birds and reptiles. 
It will be seen from this account of the present literature on 
the subjeet that there is here a large field for investigation and 
as an attempt to assist in supplying a marked deficieney in our 
knowledge, this paper is offered. 
The work was begun during the year 1905—4 at Freiburg in 
Baden, under the kind advice of Herr Geheimrat WIEDERSHEIM and 
Herr Professor GAupPp, and finished the next year in America. 
The work is entirely anatomical and macroscopical and no 
attempt, therefore, can be made to discuss the finer questions of 
cell structure, and ganglionie centres. Swellings oceurring where 
ganglia are generally found in higher forms are here mentioned 
under the names given them by FIscHER. FiscHEr’s elassification 
is also followed in the main. The material used eonsisted of six 
aleoholie speeimens, kindly furnished by the Anatomical Institute of 
Freiburg. In some cases it was necessary to decaleify these speei- 
mens in a 200/, solution of nitrie acid in order to make it possible 
to eut away the bone where the nerves passed through it. 
The names of the separate cranial nerves and, to some degree, 
