462 | Grace B. Watkinson 
e) Ramus lingualis arises from mandibularis and after accompany- 
ing the latter for a short distance in the alveolar canal it emerges 
through its own opening close anterior to the origin of m. mylo- 
hyoideus. Its course is towards the median line and passing ven- 
trally over the tip of the large glandula sublingualis it pierces the 
anterior portion of the muscular sheath of the tongue and enters 
the tongue itself, forming as it does so, a sling with the anterior 
tongue branch of nervus hypoglossus. Ramus lingualis also sends 
off near its exit from the canal a branch anteriorally which inner- 
vates glandula sublingualis and one posteriorally which innervates 
m. mylo-hyoideus. 
f) Rami ad glandulas labiales inferiores are a series of nerves 
given off from portio alveolaris inferior externally, through special 
openings in the mandible, to the glands which border the under 
lip and to the skin of lip. They are five in number and from each 
one fibres spread, fanlike, so that the whole border of the under-lip 
is supplied with fibres in the same way as in the case of the up- 
per lip. 
g) Rami dentales. Beside these branches above mentioned, ner- 
vus alveolaris inferioris sends branches to the teeth of the lower 
Jaw, and ends in a number of fine fibres under the skin at the tip 
of the mandible. 
VII. Nervus facialis arises as a single fine nerve from the 
lateral line of the medulla oblongata a short distance posterior to 
the root of trigeminus and just anterior to the origin of nervus 
acusticus. It emerges from the eranial cavity through a special 
opening in the proötic bone, at a point slightly anterior to the 
quadrate bone. Before it is fully emerged from its ecanal it divides 
into an anterior and a posterior portion, each running nearly at 
right angles with the main stem, in opposite direetions from one 
another, and both remaining for a short distance in a deep groove 
in the external surface of the proötie bone. According to FISCHER 
the point where the two main branches arise always consists of the 
three eormered ganglion genieuli. In varanus this was not elearly 
distinguishable without mieroseopie examination, but in series of 
Lacerta agilis and angwis fragilis that ganglion is easily to be found 
according to GAUPP. 
1. Ramus palatinus is the anterior division of nervus facialis. 
It is a strong nerve which runs anterior, first in the groove above 
mentioned, in the proötie bone, then entering a special canal, canalis 
