70 THE AMERICAN MUSEUM JOURNAL 
was officially adopted by the U.S. Army 
after competitive tests conducted by a 
special board in 1898. In this ingenious 
apparatus the water is distilled in a 
closed chamber so that it is not deprived 
of its natural gases and the outgoing 
water warms the incoming water and is 
cooled by it (on the regenerative prin- 
ciple) so that economy of fuel is ensured. 
Such an apparatus, including boiler, 
pumps, filter, and 
tanks, is mounted on an army wagon and 
sterilizer storage 
carried everywhere along with the troops. 
potatoes, 20 oz.; prunes or preserves, 
1.28 oz.; coffee, 1.12 oz., sugar, 3.2 02.; 
evaporated milk, 5 oz.; vinegar, .16 
gills; salt, .64 0z.; pepper (black), .04 
oz.; lard .64 oz.; butter, .50z. Of this 
ration, just a portion is carried individu- 
ally by the soldier, the rest, such as 
butter, lard, pepper and syrup are given 
in bulk to the companies and then dis- 
tributed to the men at meal time. 
When communicable diseases do break 
out, the medical officer is provided 
by the advances in bacteriology with 
Red Cross Field Hospital Model on exhibition in the military hygiene exhibit of the hall 
of public health, American Museum of Natural History 
The strength and efficiency of the sol- 
dier isconserved and hisresistance against 
disease is built up by a carefully selected 
and scientific dietary designed to furnish 
the necessary energy in the most compact 
and convenient form. The energy allow- 
ance varies in different armies — the Rus- 
sian and the American receiving a larger 
and the Austrian 
than the French, English or German 
a smaller allowance 
soldier. 
The average daily field ration of the 
United States Army is made up as 
bacon, 12 oz., or fresh meat, 
bread, 18 02z.; 
follows: 
20 oz.; beans, 2.4 oz.; 
prompt and effective means of diagnosis 
by which the infected individuals may 
be promptly picked out and _ isolated 
so as not to endanger their fellows. 
Against smallpox and typhoid fever the 
modern soldier may enjoy practically 
complete protection, thanks to smallpox 
and typhoid fever vaccination. The 
perfection of the vaccine for. typhoid 
fever is the most recent and perhaps the 
most important of all advances in mili- 
tary hygiene, and the terrible typhoid 
death rate of the Boer war and the 
Spanish war will never again occur where 
this preventive has been used. 
