THE PENGUINS OF SOUTH GEORGIA 229 
trumpeting loudly until the disturbance 
is over; then it examines its offspring 
very minutely, stooping down near- 
sightedly, and scrutinizing one and the 
other over and over again. When 
satisfied that all is well it settles down 
contentedly. The incubating birds turn 
about in their nests so as to keep their 
bills pointed toward the skua_ gulls, 
which walk about the rookeries with evil 
purpose and wait patiently hour after 
hour for a chance to steal an egg. 
Eternal vigilance is the price of safety 
for the penguins. The 
sharply whenever a skua draws near, 
and the free penguins make angry but 
vain rushes at the common enemy. 
Besides the hiss of wrath the Johnny 
penguins have a variety of louder calls. 
sitters hiss 
The ordinary trumpeting note sounds 
like the noise of a tin horn or the braying 
of an ass; the sound is double, being 
produced by both expiration and inspira- 
tion, and is accompanied by a rising 
The 
voice is pitched in a much lower key 
than that of the king penguin. Usually 
the head is pointed upward while the 
The mouth is held 
and falling of the lower throat. 
penguin trumpets. 
wide open, with the spiny tongue show- 
ing, and the expelled breath condenses 
The trumpetings 
are often repeated many times without 
interruption, and under excitement the 
into clouds of vapor. 
bird’s whole bodily energy seems to be 
put into the call. Another note is a 
short, single “caw,” which the penguins 
are apt to utter as soon as they emerge 
This call sounds like a 
hail from one man to another, and the 
from the sea. 
human suggestion is enhanced by the 
penguins’ habit of waving their flippers 
A proud parent with two healthy, pot-bellied youngsters. 
The near young one is trumpeting 
